内容摘要：拉梢寺大佛造像巨大，佛座的九狮、九麒麟、九象数量特殊，始凿时间象征性强等特点，符合北周明帝因素，初为献礼北周明帝亲政所造。工期延伸至北周武帝时，发愿文铭刻于北周武帝时，发愿文未明示为明帝造，应兼顾了为武帝所造的含义。尉迟迥开凿大佛表示忠君。

关键词：尉迟迥；大佛；明帝；武帝；忠君

中图分类号：K879.29  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1000-4106（2023）03-0015-11

For Whom did Yuchi Jiong Build the Great Buddha？

XIA Langyun

（Maijishan Grottoes Art Research Institute， Tianshui 741020， Gansu）

Abstract：Due to the large size of the statue， the image combination of nine lions， nine dragons and nine elephants decorating the throne of the Buddha， and several motifs unique to the reigning period of Emperor Ming， it is believed that the Great Buddha in the Lashao Temple was initially constructed to celebrate the ascension of Emperor Ming to the throne of the Northern Zhou dynasty. When construction of the Great Buddha extended into the reign of Emperor Wu， however， a votive text was inscribed. The discrepancy between construction periods and periods of imperial reign obscured the fact that the statue was originally constructed for Emperor Ming because the added votive text claimed that it was also partly for Emperor Wu. In either case， it can be concluded that the architect Yuchi Jiong built this statue of the Great Buddha to show his loyalty to the emperor.

Keywords：Yuchi Jiong; Great Buddha; Emperor Ming; Emperor Wu; loyalty to the emperor

拉梢寺石窟1号窟摩崖大坐佛，高17.75米，座高17米（图1）［1］。其左下侧铭刻发愿文：“维大周明皇帝三年岁次己卯二月十四日，使持节、柱国大将军、陇右大都督、秦渭河鄯凉甘瓜成武岷洮邓文康十四州诸军事、秦州刺史、蜀国公尉迟迥，与比丘释道□（臧），于渭州仙崖，敬造释迦牟尼佛一区，愿天下和平，四海安乐，众生与天地久长，周祚与日月俱永。”（图2）［2］

一 以往相关研究需要进一步讨论

1985年，董玉祥、臧志军《甘肃武山水帘洞石窟群》判断“拉梢寺石窟（大佛等）就是在尉迟迥调任秦州总管后建造的”［3］，但回避了《周书》载其任秦州总管是武成元年（559）十月，与发愿文所记大佛造于同一年的“明皇帝三年（559）二月”的矛盾。2004年，王来全《武山拉梢寺石刻新认识（摘要）》提出“拉梢寺大佛题记，与佛王政治（将帝王视作佛的化身的一种政治观念）相关”［4］。并在会议发言中提到，题记中的“周祚与日月俱永”的日月二字，似与明帝有关，似在为皇家或皇帝祈福时暗示明帝，但未继续就此展开论证。2005年，杨森《跋甘肃武山拉梢寺北周造大佛像发愿文石刻碑》没有再回避上述董玉祥、臧志军文中所回避的“十月”与“二月”的矛盾，推测“碑文中的月份可能有误”，原月份应是“十二月”［5］。……