胡太蛟　张珊珊　林艳　宋亚娜

摘 要：为了解水稻吸收和利用铵态氮的分子机制，利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了水稻全部预测的12条铵转运蛋白基因在缺氮及恢复供氮处理后的表达情况。结果表明：全部铵转运蛋白基因在水稻根、茎和叶中都有表达，AMT1.1在叶中表达水平最高，其表达受到氮缺乏和氮源类型的影响。缺氮处理后，水稻根部的表达全部大幅下调，茎中多数下调，少数上调或波动，叶中大部分先上调再回落；恢复供氮后，水稻根部多数大幅上调，茎和叶中则有所分化，部分上调或先上调再回落。这一现象与水稻氮代谢途径的整体铵转运途径有关，铵的吸收是由根到茎再到叶转运，铵代谢消耗则反向转运。

关键词：表达；实时荧光定量PCR；水稻；AMT基因；氮

中图分类号：S 511 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2023）04-0012-10

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2023.04.003

Analysis of the Expression Characteristics of Rice Ammonium Transporter Gene Afterthe Treatment of Nitrogen Deficiency and the Recovery of Nitrogen Supply

HU Tai-jiao1， ZHANG Shan-shan2， LIN Yan1， SONG Ya-na1

（Institute of Biotechnology， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Fujian Key Laboratory of

Agricultural Genetic Engineering， Fuzhou， Fujian 350003， China; 2. Crop College，

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350000， China）

Abstracts： In order to understand the molecular mechanism of absorption and utilization of ammonium nitrogen in rice， the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of all the 12 predicted ammonium transporter genes in rice after the treatment of nitrogen deficiency and nitrogen restoration. The results showed that all the ammonium transporter genes were expressed in the roots， stems and leaves of rice. AMT1.1 had the highest expression level in leaves， and its expression was affected by nitrogen deficiency and the types of nitrogen source. After the treatment of nitrogen deficiency， the expression in rice roots was all significantly down-regulated， the expression in most of the stems were down-regulated， a few were up-regulated or fluctuated， and the expression in most of the leaves were first up-regulated and then down. After restoring the nitrogen supply， the expression in most of the rice roots were significantly up-regulated， while the expression in stems and leaves were differentiated， partially up-regulated or first up-regulated and then down-regulated. This phenomenon was related to the overall ammonium transport pathway of rice nitrogen metabolism pathway. The absorption of ammonium was transported from roots to stems and then to leaves， and the metabolic exhaustion of ammonium was reversed.

Key words： Expression； Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR； Rice； AMT gene； Nitrogen

氮是水稻生長和发育过程必不可少且需求量最大的3种主要营养元素之一，约占水稻干物质总量的1%～5%，被称为生命元素[1-2]。自然条件下的土壤中含氮量千变万化且浓度普遍不高，人工增施氮肥是农业生产的常规操作[3]。然而，水稻及其他农作物的氮利用效率都普遍很低，平均效率为30%～50%[4]，国内更低，只有28.3%[5]。土壤中过多的氮肥无法充分利用不仅造成极大的资源浪费，同时也产生严重的环境问题。通过增施氮肥提高农作物产量的生产方式也已经达到了一个技术平台期，继续增加氮肥已难以达到大量提高产量的目的。因此，深入了解氮的吸收机制后可以对症下药，对提高水稻及其他农作物氮的利用效率意义深远。……