林永胜　陈阳　周先治　张玉灿

摘 要：为了有效地解决各地因消费和栽培习惯差异或因连年种植导致种性退化等造成丝瓜良种不足的问题，以福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所苦瓜课题组选育的L1905、L1910、L1912等12个丝瓜新组合为试验处理材料，以农福801为对照，开展产量、农艺性状与商品性状调查与研究。结果表明：L2121、L2117这2个丝瓜新组合早熟，瓜色绿或浅绿，瓜形长（短）筒形，条形端正，肉质致密，抗病性强，产量高，分别为39394.7、38581.8 kg·hm-2，较农福801（CK）增产11.1%～13.4%，适宜在闽中、闽东、闽南地区种植。

关键词：丝瓜；新组合；产量；农艺性状；商品性状

中图分类号：S 642 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2023）04-0058-04

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2023.04.009

Comparative Analysis of Yield， Agronomic Traits and Commodity Traits of12 New Combinations of Luffa

LIN Yong-sheng， CHEN Yang， ZHOU Xian-zhi， ZHANG Yu-can*

（Institute of Agricultural Biological Resources， Fujian Academy ofAgricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian 350003， China）

Abstract： In order to effectively solve the problem of insufficient varieties of luffa caused by the genetic depression due to the differences in consumption and cultivation habits or the successive planting in various regions， twelve new combinations of loofah （including L1905， L1910 and L1912） were used as the experimental materials， which were selected by the bitter gourd research group of the Institute of Agricultural Biological Resources， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Then， by taking Nongfu 801 as the control group， the investigation and research on the yield， agronomic traits， and commodity traits were carried out. The results showed that the two new combinations of luffa （L2121 and L2117） were early maturing and had green or light green melon colors， with long （short） cylindrical shape， straight strip， and dense flesh. They had strong disease resistance and high yield， which were 39394.7 kg·hm-2 and 38581.8 kg·hm-2， respectively， 11.1%-13.4% higher than that of Nongfu 801 （the control group）. Therefore， they were suitable for being planted in the central， eastern and southern region of Fujian.

Key words： Luffa； New combination； Yield； Agronomic traits； Commodity traits

絲瓜Luffa cylindrical Roem.，又名天丝瓜、天络瓜、蛮瓜、天罗、绵瓜和布瓜等，有普通丝瓜Luffa cylindrica（L.）Roem.和有棱丝瓜Luffa acutangula（L.）Roxb.两个栽培种，为葫芦科丝瓜属一年生攀缘性草本植物。丝瓜原产印度，大约在唐末宋初传入我国，主要分布于热带、亚热带的亚洲各地，在我国南北均有栽培，是我国主要的瓜类蔬菜，广东、广西、海南等以栽培有棱丝瓜为主，其他地区以栽培普通丝瓜为主[1-3]。在瓜类蔬菜中其蛋白质、淀粉、钙、磷、铁及各种维生素含量都较高，所提供的热量仅次于南瓜，性凉、味甘，具有清热化痰、凉血解毒等保健作用［4］。现代研究表明，丝瓜富含三萜及皂苷类、黄酮和酚类、油脂和有机酸类以及蛋白质等多种化学成分，具有利尿消肿、抗炎镇痛、降糖降脂、抗氧化、免疫调节和抗癌等药理作用[5]。

近几年，我国丝瓜育种研究工作取得显著进展，育出了一些高产优质且抗逆性强的丝瓜新品种[6-20]。……