朱惠琼　杜理旺　罗旭辉　黄光樑

摘 要：明晰茶園间作的氮素流失规律与特征，对于科学评估生态茶园的农业面源污染减排效应具有重要意义。以福建省福州市宦溪镇生态茶园为研究对象，应用径流小区法开展长期定位试验，观测了2016-2018年16场降雨事件中顺坡单作（T1）、顺坡间作（T2）、梯台单作（T3）、梯台间作（T4）的茶园径流量，分析径流中氮素浓度及其流失量间变化规律，间作植物为百喜草。结果表明：综合顺坡（T1、T2）和梯台（T3、T4）的径流量，间作处理的茶园比单作的径流量减少；顺坡中，间作比单作的TN浓度、AN浓度、NN浓度、TN流失量、AN流失量、NN流失量降低最高分别为32.0 %、44.4 %、23.8 %、38.5 %、49.8 %、30.8 %；梯台中，间作比单作的TN浓度、AN浓度、NN浓度、TN流失量、AN流失量、NN流失量降低最高分别为26.4 %、37.9 %、21.9 %、49.5 %、51.7 %、53.3 %；降雨量和径流量呈显著正相关。关键词：单作；间作；氮素流失；径流

中图分类号：S 571.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2023）04-0062-07

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2023.04.010

Effect of Intercropping Paspalum notatum on the Nitrogen Loss in Hillside Tea Plantation

ZHU Hui-qiong1， DU Li-wang1， LUO Xu-hui1，2*， HUANG Guang-liang3

（1. Institute of Agricultural Ecology， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian

350013， China; 2. Fuzhou Experimental Station of Agricultural Ecological Environment，

Ministry of Agriculture， Fuzhou， Fujian 350003， China; 3. Fujian Key Laboratory of

Agricultural Ecological Process in Hilly Red Soil， Fuzhou， Fujian 350013， China）

Abstract： It was of great significance to clarify the laws and characteristics of nitrogen loss in tea plantation intercropping for scientifically evaluating the emission reduction effect of agricultural non-point source pollution in the ecological tea plantations. By taking the ecological tea plantation in Huanxi Town， Fuzhou City， Fujian Province as the research object， the long-term location experiment was carried out by using the runoff plot method. The volume of runoff from tea plantations under the conditions of monocropping along the downward slope （T1）， intercropping along the downward slope （T2）， monocropping in the terrace （T3） and intercropping in the terrace （T4） in 16 rainfall events from 2016 to 2018 was observed， in order to analyze the variation of nitrogen concentration and its loss amout in runoff. The intercropping plant was Paspalum notatum. The results showed that： according to the runoff volume in the downward slope （T1， T2） and terrace （T3， T4）， the volume of runoff from tea plantations in intercropping was lower than that in monocropping. Along the downward slope， the TN concentration， AN concentration， NN concentration， TN loss amount， AN loss amount and NN loss amount in intercropping decreased by 32.0%， 44.4%， 23.8%， 38.5%， 49.8% and 30.8% compared with that in monocropping. In the terrace， the TN concentration， AN concentration， NN concentration， TN loss amount， AN loss amount and NN loss amount in intercropping decreased by 26.4%， 37.9%， 21.9%， 49.5%， 51.7% and 53.3% compared with that in monocropping. There was a significant correlation between the rainfall and runoff volume.

Key words： Monocropping； Intercropping； Nitrogen loss； Runoff

茶园是南方山区重要土地利用类型，茶树为叶用作物，适宜的氮素投入十分必要，但是过量氮素施用造成土壤氮素盈余，降雨条件下盈余氮素通过地表径流输送至河流造成水体富营养化，通过淋溶到土壤深层导致地下水有硝酸盐污染风险[1-2]。就茶园地表径流氮流失而言，李太魁等在丹江口库区坡耕地茶园的研究表明间作三叶草显著降低茶园地表径流铵态氮（AN）、硝态氮（NN）、可溶性总氮（DTN）及总氮（TN）浓度，其中间作控制茶园土壤侵蚀和降雨径流是其中关键[3，4]。然而不同树龄的茶园土壤侵蚀本底有较大差异，陈小英等[5]研究表明1、3、5年茶园水土流失量分别为16000、14500、7250 t·km-2，成龄茶园土壤侵蚀明显低于幼龄。……