摘 要：采集并分析泉州市耕地表层土壤样品3607个，应用统计分析方法研究耕地土壤有效硼含量空间分布及其影响因素。结果表明：泉州市耕地土壤有效硼含量整体较缺乏，有效硼含量范围为0.01～1.90 mg·kg-1，土壤有效硼含量平均为0.33 mg·kg-1，79.5%的耕地土壤有效硼含量处于很低或极低水平。土地利用方式、土壤类型、海拔高度、土壤理化性质等均对土壤有效硼含量有不同程度影响，土壤有效硼含量区域差异较大，高海拔地区显著低于低海拔地区。泉州市耕地土壤普遍缺硼，施用硼肥极有必要。

关键词：土壤有效硼；空间分布；丰缺评价；影响因素；泉州市

中图分类号：S 151 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0253-2301（2023）04-0069-06

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2023.04.011

Evaluation on the Abundance and Deficiency of Available Boron Content inCultivated Soil in Quanzhou City and Analysis on Its Influencing Factors

CHEN Yan-hua

（Quanzhou Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Areas， Quanzhou， Fujian 362000， China）

Abstract： A total of 3607 surface soil samples in the cultivated land of Quanzhou City were collected and analyzed. The spatial distribution of available boron content in the cultivated soil and its influencing factors were studied by using the statistical analysis method. The results showed that： the content of available boron in the cultivated soil of Quanzhou City was relatively deficient on the whole. The content of available boron ranged from 0.01 to 1.90 mg·kg-1， and the average content of available boron in the soil was 0.33 mg·kg-1. The content of available boron in 79.5% of cultivated soil was at a low or very low level. The land use types， soil types， altitude， soil physical and chemical properties had different effects on the content of available boron in soil. The content of available boron in soil varied greatly， and the content of available boron in the high altitude area was significantly lower than that in the low altitude area. Boron was generally deficient in the cultivated soil in Quanzhou City， so it was necessary to apply boron fertilizer.

Key words： Soil available boron； Spatial distribution； Abundance evaluation； Influencing factors； Quanzhou City

硼是作物生长发育不可缺少又不能互相替代的营养元素，被当作“生殖元素”，对作物生长发育、产量与品质有正向效应[1]。若土壤有效硼含量过低，容易造成甘蓝型油菜“花而不实”、花生“有壳无仁”和花椰菜的“褐心病”等现象，而高硼也会造成植物中毒，症状一般是从叶尖或叶缘褪绿，继而出现黄褐色死斑或条纹，严重时枯死掉落[1-2]。研究表明，土壤有效硼含量受较多因素影响，包括土壤pH值、土壤有機质、土壤质地、成土母质类型、地形地貌和土壤水分等[3-5]，土壤有效硼含量呈现出时空变异的特征[6]。姚旺等[7]、黎娟等[8]研究发现，土壤有效硼含量与土壤有机质含量、土壤pH值呈极显著正相关关系，但土壤pH值过高或有机质含量过高也可能导致土壤硼可给性低[1]。李晓婷等[9]研究发现，土壤有效硼含量存在随物理性黏粒质量分数先升高而降低的趋势。……