陈贞祥 靳小雨 赵德峰 吕雅君 石林 韩冬

摘 要： 探索建立標准化的沙滩排球技战术统计分析应用策略，并验证其信效度，为研究沙滩排球比赛技战术特征提供理论标准和方法，并为中国排协推广沙滩排球技术统计方法奠定理论基础和实践路径。从备战第14届全运会实战出发，通过文献资料梳理、焦点小组讨论和多轮实战修正，系统梳理出以“目标设置、指标选择、效果标准、关联技术设置、战术设置、统计标准、软硬件配置和实战分析”8个模块构建基于Data Volley 4的标准化沙滩排球赛前、赛中和赛后技战术统计分析的应用策略；并以冠军获得者辽宁男沙一队1号运动员全运会8场比赛数据为样本，采用卡方检验和配对 t 检验对比决赛和预赛接发球（ χ  2=18.67， P =0.001<0.05）、进攻（ χ  2=3.663， P =0.61>0.05）和每局均拦网得分（ t =2.934， P  =0.011<0.05）技术表现效果的差异性，为选择研究比赛场次提供依据；采用组内相关系数检验应用策略，评分者信度一致性程度为优（三者 ICC 系数均>0.90）；采用配对 t 检验和Bland-Altman一致性分析应用策略统计与传统纸笔统计的每局平均一传到位率和进攻成功率两项指标，结果显示均无显著性差异（ P >0.05）和较好的一致性（ P >0.05）。研究发现：（1）应用策略的标准化系统构建能够满足沙滩排球队备战比赛的需要，同时可为官方比赛技术统计提供标准与方法；（2）应用策略有较好的效度，为不同统计人员分工合作奠定了基础；（3）在重大比赛备战主要对手中，预赛和决赛中优秀运动员的接发球、进攻和拦网技战术特征表现差异较大，选择比赛场次时要以最新比赛为佳。

关键词： 沙滩排球；Data Volley 4；技战术；应用策略；信效度

中图分类号：G842；G80-058   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-2076（2023）01-0108-11

Construction of Application Strategy for Statistical Analysis of Beach Volleyball Game Techniques and Tactics Based on the Concept of Standardization of Research Methods

CHEN Zhenxiang 1， 2，JIN Xiaoyu3，ZHAO Defeng2，LV Yajun4，SHI Lin1，HAN Dong1

1.Shanghai University of Sport， Shanghai 200438， China; 2. Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science （Shanghai Anti-doping Agency）， Shanghai 200030， China; 3. Ludong University， Yantai 264025， Shandong， China; 4. China Volleyball Association， Beijing 100763， China

Abstract：  Objective： To explore the establishment of a standardized statistical analysis strategy for beach volleyball techniques and tactics， and to verify its reliability and validity， to provide theoretical standards and methods for studying the technical and tactical characteristics of beach volleyball games， and to lay the theoretical foundation and practical path for the Chinese Volleyball Association to promote the technical statistical methods of beach volleyball.  Methods： Starting from the preparation for the 14th National Games， through literature review， focus group discussion and many rounds of practical corrections， we systematically sorted out the eight modules of “goal setting， index selection， effect standard， related technology setting， tactics setting， statistical standard， hardware and software configuration and practical analysis” to build a standardized beach volleyball pre-match， in-match and post-match technical and tactical statistics. The application strategy of technical and tactical statistical analysis before， during and after the match; and using the data of 8 matches of the champion Liaoning men's sand team No. 1 as the sample， using chi-square test and independent sample t-test to compare the final and preliminaries of receiving and serving （2=18.67， P =0.001<0.05）， attacking （2=3.663， P =0.61>0.05）， and average block score per set （t=2.934， P =0.011<0.05） technical performance effects to provide a basis for the selection of the study matches; the intra-group correlation coefficient test application strategy was used and the degree of rater reliability consistency was excellent （all three ICC coefficients>0.90）; the paired t-test and Bland- Altman consistency analysis of the average first-pass rate and offensive success rate per set of applied strategy statistics and traditional paper-and-pencil statistics showed no significant difference （ P >0.05） and good consistency （ P >0.05）. It was found that （1） the standardized system construction of the application strategy can meet the needs of the sand volleyball team in preparing for matches， and at the same time can provide standards and methods for official match technical statistics. （2） The application strategy has good validity and lays the foundation for different statisticians to divide and cooperate. （3） Among the main opponents in preparing for major matches， the technical and tactical characteristics of receiving and serving， attacking and blocking of elite athletes in the preliminaries and finals show different. The performance of the technical and tactical characteristics of the elite players in the preliminaries and finals are different， and the latest matches are preferred when choosing the matches.

Key words： beach volleyball; Data Volley 4; technical and tactical statistics; application strategy; reliability and validity

大数据和信息技术在竞技体育领域被广泛应用，信息情报分析成为比赛制胜的核心因素 ［1］，尤其在技战能主导类项群，细致且高效地做好信息情报收集愈发显得重要 ［2］。沙滩排球……