蒋斌

【摘 要】目的 比较对下颌低位阻生智齿患者应用微创拔牙法与锤凿劈冠法治疗的临床效果。方法 选取本院2020年1月-2021年12月收治的84例下颌低位阻生智齿患者作为研究对象，依据治疗方式不同分为对照组和研究组，各42例。对照组应用锤凿劈冠法，研究组应用微创拔牙法，比较两组并发症发生情况、手术时间及疼痛程度。结果 研究组术中及术后并发症发生率均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；研究组手术时间短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；研究组治疗1、3、5 d后VAS评分均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 针对下颌低位阻生智齿患者应用微创拔牙法的效果优于锤凿劈冠法，可有效降低术中及术后并发症风险，减轻患者疼痛程度，有利于改善预后，促进患者快速康复。

【关键词】微创拔牙法；锤凿劈冠法；下颌低位阻生智齿

中图分类号：R782.11 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-4949（2023）08-0145-04

Comparison of the Effect of Minimally Invasive Extraction Method and Hammer Chisel Split Crown Method in the Extraction of Mandibular Low Impacted Wisdom Tooth

JIANG Bin

（Department of Stomatology， No.923 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force， Nanning 530000， Guangxi， China）

【Abstract】Objective To compare the clinical effects of minimally invasive extraction and hammer chisel split crown in the treatment of patients with mandibular low impacted wisdom tooth. Methods A total of 84 patients with mandibular low impacted wisdom tooth admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to different treatment methods， they were divided into control group and study group， with 42 patients in each group. The control group was treated with hammer chisel splitting crown method， and the study group was treated with minimally invasive tooth extraction method. The complications， operation time and pain degree of the two groups were compared. Results The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The operation time of the study group was shorter than that of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. The VAS scores of the study group after 1， 3 and 5 days of treatment were lower than those of the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion The effect of minimally invasive extraction for patients with mandibular low impacted wisdom tooth is better than that of hammer chisel split crown method， which can effectively reduce the risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications， reduce the pain degree of patients， improve the prognosis and promote the rapid recovery of patients.

【Key words】Minimally invasive extraction method； Hammer chisel split crown method； Mandibular low impacted wisdom tooth

下頜低位阻生智齿（mandibular low impacted wisdom tooth）是牙科临床较常见的疾病，其会引发局部发炎、邻牙受损，甚至有发展成为牙源性囊肿、肿瘤的潜在隐患，对患者造成严重的损伤不可逆转，因此早期拔除是消除并发症的唯一选择[1]。下颌阻生智齿拔除术是口腔门诊较为繁杂的牙槽外科手术之一[2]，由于其生长位置隐蔽、解剖位置特殊等多种因素给手术治疗带来较大的难度[3]。传统的锤凿劈冠法是利用牙钳、骨凿、骨锤等器械增隙、去骨和分牙，操作过程中施力方向和大小较难掌握，会给患者口腔带来较大损伤，增加术后并发症发生风险，导致术后患者心理负担大，治疗效果及安全性方面均存在一定局限性。……