詹生威

摘要要：柑橘是福建尤溪的优势特色果树之一，近年来受介壳虫危害较重，产业发展受阻。通过调查发现尤溪县柑橘介壳虫盛发期为4-6月和9-11月，2个发生高峰期在5月和10月，种类包含矢尖蚧、褐圆蚧、橘臀纹粉蚧、长尾粉蚧、日本龟蜡蚧、角蜡蚧和吹绵蚧等7种。柑橘介壳虫的防控是一項综合、绿色、可持续的过程，其中农业防治是基础，可从合理密植修剪、免疫诱抗和套种生草方面着手；物理防治直接、有效，可利用粘虫胶带实现监测与防控并举；生物防治安全、有效且持久，可应用天敌昆虫和施用生物农药；化学防治不可缺少，可适当使用高效、低风险的化学农药。

关键词：柑橘；介壳虫；综合防控

中图分类号：S436.661.21                   文献标识码：B                   文章编号：2095-5774（2023）06-0464-04

Occurrence and Integrated Control Technology of Scale Insects on Citrus in Youxi County

Zhan Shengwei

（Youxi Joint Terrace Development and Protection Center，Sanming，Fujian 365100，China）

Abstract：Citrus is one of the dominant characteristic fruit trees in Youxi county，Fujian Province. In recent years，scale insects have caused serious damage to the citrus and hindered the development of local citrus industry. Through investigation，it was found that the high occurrence stages of citrus scale insects in Youxi County were from April to June and from September to November，with two peak periods in May and October，respectively. And the species of citrus scale insects included Unaspis yanonensis，Chrysomphalus aonidum，Planococcus citri，Pseudococcus adonidum，Ceroplastes japonica，Ceroplastes ceriferus and Icerya purchasi. The control of these scale insects is an integrated，green and sustainable process. Agricultural control is the basis，which mainly including reasonable close planting and pruning，immune induction and grass interplanting. Physical control is direct and effective，and the adhesive shellac belt can be used to monitor and control main scale insects simultaneously. Biological control is safe，effective and persistent，and natural enemy insects and biological pesticides can be applied. Chemical control is indispensable，and efficient and low-risk chemical pesticides can be used appropriately.

Key words：Citrus；Scale insect；Integrated Control

福建省三明市尤溪县柑橘的种植面积和产量分别约5 224.8 hm2和9.4万t，各占全县果树总量的85.5%和89.2%，其主栽品种有金柑、芦柑、脐橙和瓯柑等，“尤溪金柑”更是国家地理标志产品，柑橘产业也成为当地农业支柱产业之一［1，2］。但近年来，因介壳虫发生为害日趋严重，不仅引起柑橘树体的落叶、落花、落果和植株长势衰弱，还分泌蜜露诱发煤烟病而加重危害，直接或间接影响到柑橘的品质、产量和经济价值。柑橘介壳虫喜阴湿，常群集在柑橘树的叶片、幼芽、嫩枝和果实等部位，由于虫体背部覆盖较厚的蜡粉或蜡壳，不易被识别和防控。为此，本研究以尤溪县柑橘主要产区管前镇等5个乡镇的种植基地为观测点，调查介壳虫的发生动态及种类，并介绍介壳虫的综合防控技术，助力当地柑橘产业的绿色、可持续发展。……