菌渣、玉米芯循环利用栽培双孢蘑菇技术流程
2023-03-21卢政辉柯斌榕王海霞兰清秀吴寿华卫秀英廖剑华
卢政辉 柯斌榕 王海霞 兰清秀 吴寿华 卫秀英 廖剑华



摘要要:以木生菌菌渣、玉米芯为主要资源循环利用栽培双孢蘑菇的工艺流程为背景,对双孢蘑菇适宜的栽培条件、品种选择、培养料堆制、发菌管理、出菇管理、采收与贮藏、病虫害防控等工艺进行了归纳总结,形成一套菌渣、玉米芯循环利用栽培双孢蘑菇技术供参考应用。
关键词:菌渣;玉米芯;循环利用;双孢蘑菇;流程
中图分类号:S646.11 文献标识码:B 文章编号:2095-5774(2023)06-0458-06
Technical Regulations for Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus through Recycle
of Mushroom Residue and Corn Cob
Lu Zhenghui1,Ke Binrong1,Wang Haixia2,Lan Qingxiu1,Wu Shouhua3,Wei Xiuying4,Liao Jianhua1*
(1Institute of Edible Fungi,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;
2 Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Manas County,Changji Prefecture,Changji,Xinjiang 832200,China;
3Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Ningde City,Fujian Province,Ningde,Fujian 352000,China;
4Mingwang Mushroom Planting Professional Cooperative,Manas County,Changji Prefecture,Changji,Xinjiang 832200,China)
Abstract:Based on the technological process of cultivating of Agaricus bisporus with recycle of lignicolous fungus residue and corn cob as the main resources,some techniques were summarized including suitable cultivation conditions,variety selection,cultivation material compost,spore germination management,fruiting management,harvesting and storage,control of diseases and pest and others. A set of technical regulations for cultivation of Agaricus bisporus through recycle of mushroom residue and corn cob was development in order to provide references and utilization.
Key words:Mushroom residue;Corn cob;Recycling;Agaricus bisporus;Process
据不完全统计,福建省年产木生菌菌渣150~200万t[1]。大部分菌渣是杏鲍菇、金针菇等木生菌栽培后的废弃菌包内容物,以有机物质为主,含有丰富的营养成分,如果不加以合理利用,其资源化潜能不但无法得以发挥,反而起到阻碍、破坏生态环境的作用。木生菌菌渣的基质主要以棉籽壳、玉米芯为主,笔者2021年结合福建省农业科学院东西部协作项目在新疆昌吉州进行双孢蘑菇新品种‘福蘑58的推广应用时,发现当地的棉籽壳、玉米芯、麦秆、玉米秆的储量非常大。根据昌吉州2022年国民经济和社会发展统计公报公告[2],2022年农作物播种面积为 45.69万hm2,其主要作物棉花14.58万hm2、小麦14.34万hm2,通过估算年可产出棉籽壳9.69 万t、麦秆49万t、玉米芯18万t、玉米秆240万t。可供规模生产大量食用菌的原料保障,而且棉籽壳、玉米芯当地价格甚至低于福建市场价格的50%,原材料价格优势非常明显,其中棉籽壳、玉米秆和麦秆在疆内就能迅速消纳,唯独玉米芯剩余量巨大,大多被用于燃烧或随意抛弃,对环境造成污染。……
