李健 朱建国 胡志强 杜忠伟 王旭 王鑫

摘要要：【目的】在吉林省采集野生黑木耳，进行人工驯化栽培，以期从中筛选出适宜大棚吊袋栽培的优良菌株。【方法】对3株野生黑木耳（黑木耳G、M、Y）通过大棚吊袋人工驯化栽培，进行菌株的品质与产量比较试验。【结果】大棚吊袋栽培后，3株黑木耳均表现出长势好，抗性强，子实体颜色浅褐色，耳片均有耳脉。其中，黑木耳G生育期较黑木耳M、Y短10 d左右；黑木耳M子实体颜色更黑，耳片形态更圆；黑木耳M背面灰白色纤毛更浓密；黑木耳G耳脉数量最多；黑木耳M产量及生物学转化率最高。【结论】黑木耳M的子实体颜色好、耳形好、耳脉较少，品质好，产量高，生育期95～105 d，是适宜东北地区大棚吊袋栽培且受市场欢迎的中熟优良菌株。

关键词：黑木耳；大棚吊袋；比较试验

中图分类号：S646.6                       文献标识码：A                      文章编号：2095-5774（2023）06-0421-05

Comparative Experiment on Artificial Domestication and Cultivation of Three Wild

Auricularia heimuer Strains in Hanging Bags in Greenhouse

Li Jian1，Zhu Jianguo2，Hu Zhiqiang1，Du Zhongwei1，Wang Xu1，Wang Xin1*

（1Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Yanji Edible Fungi Experimental Station，

CARS，Yanji ，Jilin 133000，China；

2 Wangqing County Rural Economic Management Station，Wangqing，Jilin 133200，China）

Abstract：【Objective】Wild Auricularia heimuer strains were collected in Jilin Province. Their artificial domestication and cultivation were conducted to screen excellent strains which were suitable for cultivation in hanging bags in greenhouse.【Method】Three wild Auricularia heimuer strains （G，M and Y） were domesticated and cultivated in hanging bags in greenhouse. 【Result】 Three strains showed strong growth vigor，strong resistance，and light brown and winkle fruitbody. The growth period of Auricularia heimuer G was 10 days shorter than that of Auricularia heimuer M and Y. Fruitbody of Auricularia heimuer M was blacker and rounder than that of G and Y. The back side of Auricularia heimuer M was gray-white with denser cilia than that of G and Y. Auricularia heimuer G has largest winkle number while Auricularia heimuer M had highest yield and biological efficiency. 【Conclusion】 Auricularia heimuer M had good color，good shape and little winkles of fruitbody，good fruit quality and high yield and the growth period was 95-105 d. It is an excellent medium-ripening variety suitable for hanging bag cultivation in greenhouse and popular in the market of northeastern China.

Key words：Auricularia heimuer；Hanging bag culviation in greenhouse；Comparative experiment

黑木耳（Auricularia heimuer）隸属于担子菌门（Basidiomycota）、层菌纲（Hymenomycetes）、木耳目（Agaricomycetes）、木耳科（Auriculariales）、木耳属（Auricularia）［1］，黑木耳又称黑菜、光木耳、细木耳、黑耳子、云耳，是一种食药兼用型真菌［2］。黑木耳是世界最重要四大栽培食用菌之一，栽培起源地是中国［3］。现代医学研究表明，黑木耳具有降低血糖、降低血脂、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等生物活性［4-6］，可以用来预防和治疗冠心病、动脉硬化和其他心脏及脑血管疾病，而且还可以用来消除结石，预防宫颈癌、直肠癌等胃肠道癌症［7，8］。

自20世纪80年代，代料栽培逐步成为黑木耳栽培的主要方式，代料栽培分为地摆栽培和大棚吊袋栽培。大棚吊袋栽培黑木耳耳芽整齐，质……