魏毅

摘要要：【目的】针对马铃薯晚疫病防治存在农药过量施用引发的农药残留、环境污染和病害抗药性增强等问题，开展应用农药增效剂杰效利减施增效试验。【方法】采用杰效利和杀菌剂混用，配置18个施药组合处理，以A1B1C1处理（施用杀菌剂间隔期7 d、不加杰效利、杀菌剂不减量）为对照，比较各组合对马铃薯晚疫病施用杀菌剂的减施增效结果。【结果】各组合处理中，以A1B3C1处理（施药间隔7 d、加10%杰效利、杀菌剂不减量）的防效最好、产量最高，比对照的相对防效达37.47%，产量24 900 kg/hm2为最高，增产38.94%，大中薯率79.17%為最高；A2B3C1处理（施药间隔10 d、加10%杰效利、杀菌剂不减量）的相对防效为28.36%，产量居第2位，增产37.32%，大中薯率69.20%；A2B2C2处理（施药间隔10 d、加5%杰效利、杀菌剂减量10%）的相对防效为35.55%，产量居第3位，较对照增产3.75%，大中薯率52.33%。【结论】在等量施药的情况下，添加杀菌剂施用量10%的杰效利可提高对防治马铃薯晚疫病的效果和大中薯率，增产显著；在杀菌剂减量10%、添加杀菌剂施用量5%的杰效利情况下，仍然可显著提高对晚疫病的相对防效并有小幅增产。

关键词：马铃薯；晚疫病；增效剂；相对防效；产量

中图分类号：S435.32                     文献标识码：A                     文章编号：2095-5774（2023）06-0415-06

Effect of Pesticide Synergist Jiexiaoli on Control of Potato Late Blight by Fungicide

Wei Yi

（Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences，Quanzhou，Fujian 362212，China）

Abstract：【Objective】In view of the problems in potato late blight control caused by excessive application of pesticides，such as pesticide residues，environmental pollution and increased resistance to diseases，reducing dose and increasing effect test of application of pesticide synergist Jiexiaoli were conducted.【Method】Jiexiaoli and fungicide were mixed and 18 combination treatments were formed. A1B1C1 treatment （application of fungicide with interval of 7 days，no Jiexiaoli，and no reduction of fungicide） was used as control. The effects of reducing dose and increasing effect of fungicides applied by each combination treatment on potato late blight were compared. 【Result】Among the combined treatments，A1B3C1 treatment （application with interval of 7 days，adding 10% Jiexiaoli and no reduction of fungicide） has the best control effect and the highest yield. Compared with the control group，the relative control effect was 37.47%，the yield was 24 900 kg/hm2，the increased yield percentage was 38.94%，and the large-medium size potato rate was 79.17%. The relative control efficiency of A2B3C1 treatment （application with interval of 10 days，adding 10% Jiexiaoli and no reduction of fungicide） was 28.36%，and the yield ranked the second，with an increased yield percentage of 37.32% and large-medium size potato rate of 69.20%. The relative control efficiency of A2B2C2 treatment （application with interval of 10 days，adding 5% Jiexiaoli and reducing the amount of fungicide by 10%） was 35.55%，the yield was the third，the increased yield percentage was 3.75%，and the large-medium size potato rate was 52.33%.【Conclusion】When the same dose of fungicide was applied，adding 10% of Jiexiaoli could improve the control effect of late blight and the rate of large and medium-size potato，and significantly increase the yield. In the case of reducing the amount of fungicide by 10% and adding the dosage of 5% Jiexiaoli，it could still significantly improve the relative control efficiency of late blight and slightly increase yield.

Key words：Potato；Late bligh；Synergist；Relative control efficiency；Yield

马铃薯营养丰富，是世界第四大粮食作物［1］。晚疫病是马铃薯的真菌性病害，可为害茎叶，严重时可使块茎发霉腐烂，影响产量和品质［2］。由于国内缺乏抗性强的种质资源，造成晚疫病等病害多发，减产幅度较大［3，4］。因此，为提高产量和收益，薯户经常增加农药用量和次数，既增加成本，又导致农药残留、环境污染和病害抗药性增強等问题。……