温理娜

摘要要：【目的】为了解决永泰县老梅园、低劣梅园的产能低下问题，选择高接换种方法以实现低劣青梅园的品种改良更新，提高生产效益。【方法】选择龙眼梅、广东梅、白粉梅、软枝大粒梅等4个青梅品种为接穗，对低劣青梅园进行高接换种，再分别对接穗成活率调查、果实性状观察以及产量测定。【结果】嫁接砧木樹树龄越小，嫁接成活率越高；4个高接换种青梅品种的果实横径、纵径、可食率、可溶性固形物含量都明显高于对照羊屎梅，抗黑星病明显增强，产量和产值也明显得以提升。【结论】低劣青梅园能通过高接换成高产优质品种，总结了高接换种关键技术，可为生产提供参考。

关键词：青梅园；高接换种；关键技术

中图分类号：S662.4                       文献标识码：B                      文章编号：2095-5774（2023）06-0406-04

Effect Investigation and Key Techniques of Top Grafting for Good Cultivars

in InferiorGreen Plum Orchard

Wen Lina

（Yongtai Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau，Yongtai，Fujian 350700，China）

Abstract：【Objective】 In order to solve the problems of low production capacity in old and inferior plum orchard in Yongtai County，top grafting for good cultivars was used to realize cultivar improvement and renewal in these orchards and improve production benefits. 【Method】 The branches of four green plum cultivars  ‘Lonyanmei，‘Guangdongmei，‘Baifenmei and ‘Ruanzhidalimei were used as scions for top grafting in inferior plum orchards. The survival rate of grating was investigated，fruit characters were observed and yield was measured. 【Result】 Low tree age of stock could result in high survival rate of grating. Fruit longitudinal diameter，transverse diameter，edible rate and soluble solids content of four green plum cultivars were significantly higher than that of ‘Yangshimei as control. The resistance to black star disease，yield and output was obviously improved. 【Conclusion】In the inferior green plum orchard，  top grafting could achieve the substitution of high yield and good fruit quality cultivars. The paper summarized key techniques of top grafting for good cultivars and could provide references for growers.

Key words：Green plum orchard；Top grafting；Key techniques

青梅为落叶小乔木果树，是福建省福州市永泰县传统栽培的第二大特产果树。永泰青梅具有果粒大、肉厚核小、风味浓郁多汁，品质佳，用于生产梅饼、乌梅、话梅、酵素、饮料、青梅酱、青梅酒等。自2002年永泰县委县政府提出增创山区产业优势，做好做活李梅名牌产品大文章，实施科技兴果和名牌战略以来，青梅种植面积逐年扩大，现有5 000多hm2。但永泰传统青梅种植以实生苗栽培为主，导致老梅区的许多结果树品种都是本地种（俗称“羊屎梅”），其生长健壮、耐粗放管理、寿命长，但树冠高大不易采摘、结果迟、变异大，且果实小而核大肉薄、品质劣、产值低，经济效益差。另外，新发展的青梅种植区虽然也用嫁接苗栽培，但是忽视选用良种壮苗，品种混杂，良莠不一，栽植多年除少数单株能结果，多数植株结果少乃至不结果。……