施素秀

摘要要：【目的】探索适宜的人工低温春化处理时长对蚕豆主要性状和鲜荚产量的影响，促进冬种鲜食蚕豆特色产业稳定发展。【方法】以鲜食蚕豆品种‘陵西一寸为材料，对已催芽露白的蚕豆在（4±1）℃低温条件下，分别进行0 d（对照）、5 d、10 d、15 d、20 d、25 d、30 d的低温春化处理，比较不同时长的处理对蚕豆主要性状和鲜荚产量的影响程度。【结果】在低温处理5～30 d内，随着春化时长的增加，植株始花和鲜荚开采时间提前，始花节位降低，单株分枝数减少，而单株结荚数、单株鲜荚重以及667 m2鲜荚产量则呈现出先升后降的趋势。低温处理25 d的鲜荚产量最高、处理20 d的次之，分别比对照增产23.7%和18.9%，且差异均达极显著水平；鲜荚可提前9～16 d采收。经函数效应模型分析，低温春化处理23.46 d时，蚕豆鲜荚产量最高。【结论】催芽露白的陵西一寸蚕豆种子在（4±1）℃的低温条件下春化处理20～25 d后播种，可提前采收鲜荚上市，实现增产增收。

关键词：鲜食蚕豆；‘陵西一寸；春化处理

中图分类号：S667.9                      文献标识码：A                      文章编号：2095-5774（2023）06-0401-05

Explore of Duration of Low Temperature Vernalization of Fresh Broad Bean ‘Lingxiyicun

Shi Suxiu

（Fuding Rural Vitalization Service Center，Fuding，Fujian 355200，China）

Abstract：【Objective】Effect of duration of low temperature vernalization on main characters and yield of fresh pod was explored to enhance stable development of characteristic industry of fresh broad bean in winter. 【Method】Fresh broad bean ‘Lingxiyicun was used as material and duration of low temperature vernalization for 0 d （control），5 d，10 d，15 d，20 d，25 d and 30 d were set on germinated broad bean at（4±1）℃. Effects of duration of low temperature vernalization of main characters and yield of fresh pod of fresh broad bean were compared. 【Result】With increase of duration of low temperature vertalization，first flower and harvest time were in advance，first flower node was lowered，branching number per plant was decreased while pod number and fresh pod weight per plant and fresh pod weight per 667 m2 showed firstly upward and then downward trend. Vernalization for 25 d could result in the highest yield of fresh pod and for 20 d the second yield，which was very significantly higher than that for control by 23.7% and 18.9%，respectively. Fresh pod could be harvested earlier by 9-16 d. Through analysis of effectiveness function model，yield of fresh pod was the highest when vernalizated for 23.46 d.【Conclusion】Germinated broad bean‘Lingxiyicunwas vernalized for 20-25 d at（4±1）℃ and then were sowed，which could be harvested in advance to realize increased yield and income.

Key words： Fresh broad bean；‘Lingxiyicun；Vernalization

福建省福鼎市于2000年引進鲜食大粒蚕豆品种种植，蚕豆鲜荚主要销往上海、江苏、浙江等市场，现有种植面积1 500 hm2，已发展成为福鼎市冬季农业生产主要特色产业之一，既增加了农民收入，又可以对其秸秆翻压还田，提升土壤肥力，减轻环境污染。

蚕豆传统种植方式是秋季露地直播或育苗移栽，苗期在冬季自然低温条件下通过春化阶段，翌年开春后由营养生长转入生殖生长［1］，才能正常开花结荚。福鼎市沿海平原主要……