吕燕 赵鹏 刘丽 段维军

摘要 为给进口大麦中检疫性有害生物截获策略提供参考，本研究统计了全国口岸2009年-2019年大麦进口基本情况，比较并分析了不同来源国（或地区）大麦中截获杂草、软体动物、真菌、昆虫、病毒等检疫性有害生物的种类数和种次数。结果表明，近11年来我国大麦进口量呈波动上升的趋势，其中2015年大麦进口量最大。截至2019年，大麦中截获检疫性有害生物共计70种，包括杂草53种、软体动物2种、真菌5种、昆虫8种、病毒2种，其中疫情最突出的是杂草。从来源国来看，澳大利亚、法国、加拿大、乌克兰是截获检疫性有害生物种类及种次数最多的国家。其中，澳大利亚、法国大麦中主要截获杂草、软体动物、真菌等有害生物，加拿大大麦中主要截获杂草、真菌及病毒，乌克兰大麦则主要截获杂草、软体动物及昆虫。本研究汇总了2009年-2019年不同来源国（或地区）进口大麦中截获检疫性有害生物的名单，为进口大麦检疫工作提供参考。

关键词 进口大麦;外来有害生物;生物安全;检疫鉴定

中图分类号： S41

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021135

Abstract This paper analyzed the situation of imported barley from all ports in China from 2009 to 2019 and the interception number and times of quarantine pests （e.g.weeds， molluscs， fungi， insects， viruses， and so on） from imported barley of different countries （or regions） at ports， in order to provide the latest reference for the interception strategy of quarantine pests in imported barley. The results showed that the amount of imported barley in China fluctuated with an upward trend in the past eleven years， and barley imports reached the maximum in 2015. A total of 70 quarantine species were intercepted in barley， including 53 weeds species， two molluscs species， five fungal species， eight insects species and two viruses species. Among these pests， the most intercepted quarantine pests were weeds. The largest number and time of quarantine pests were intercepted from Australia， France， Canada and Ukraine. Weeds， molluscs and fungi were the mainly pests intercepted from Australia and France. Weeds， fungi and viruses were mainly pests intercepted from Canada， while weeds， molluscs and insects were mainly pests intercepted from Ukraine. These results provide a reference for quarantine of imported barley at China ports.

Key words imported barley;invasive species;biosecurity;detection and identification

大麥是世界上第四大禾谷类作物，种植总面积和总产量仅次于小麦、水稻和玉米，是世界十大种植作物之一[1]。大麦具有坚果香味，且碳水化合物含量较高，主要作为优良的饲料和酿造啤酒的原料[2]。在我国，大麦的种植区域1/3分布在相对比较发达的农区，2/3分布于西部较为落后的农牧结合区[3]。目前国内大麦种植面积和产量均不高，大麦产业发展较弱，导致国产大麦不能满足国内日益增长的消费需求，需要大量进口[4]。……