绿僵菌与植物的多重关系及其在植物保护中的应用潜力
2022-06-07农向群王广君蔡霓刘蓉张泽华
农向群 王广君 蔡霓 刘蓉 张泽华
摘要 绿僵菌是广为知晓的昆虫病原真菌,被用作生物杀虫剂防治多种农林植物害虫。近年发现它也是根际微生物群落的一员,且有证据表明它内生于一些植物的根组织中,具有促进植物生长、拮抗植物病原菌、诱导植物抗性等作用。本文着重综述绿僵菌根际作用和植物内生性研究进展,从对植物的直接作用角度,了解其田间生态适应性及与植物的互作关系,以拓展昆虫病原真菌作为植物保护剂的认识,有助于根据生态学特点制定未来的生物防治应用策略。
关键词 绿僵菌;植物内生真菌;根际定殖;真菌-植物互作;植保多功能
中图分类号: S476
文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2022215
Abstract Metarhizium spp., as well-known entomopathogen fungi, have been used as biological insecticides to control a variety of agricultural and forestry pests. In recent years, it has been found that they are also members of the rhizosphere microbial community, and proved being endophyte in the root tissues of some plants. They can promote plant growth, antagonize plant pathogens and induce plant resistance. In this paper, the research progress on rhizosphere interaction and plant endogeneity of Metarhizium was reviewed. From the perspective of direct effects on plants, the ecological adaptability and interaction with plants were explained, so as to expand the understanding of entomopathogenic fungi as plant protective agents and help to develop future bio-control strategies based on their ecological characteristics.
Key words Metarhizium;endophytic fungi in plant;rhizosphere colonization;fungus-plant interaction;multifunctional potential
自從1879年俄国学者Metchnikoff成功地将绿僵菌用于田间防治金龟子[1],绿僵菌属Metarhizium就成为了昆虫病原真菌的典型代表被广泛知晓,并作为模式菌激起研究热点。其寄主范围、地理分布、昆虫致病性及致病机理等方面研究多有报道。至今,作为重要的生物防治资源,已在多种农林害虫的绿色防控,减少或替代化学杀虫剂使用中发挥积极作用。
然而,随着研究的不断深入,发现绿僵菌也是一种可与植物直接交互作用的真菌,已证实
其可栖息于植物根际和植物内部。近二十年来,有关绿僵菌与植物的相互关系及互作机理的研究逐渐增多,研究人员已逐步洞察到绿僵菌经长期进化形成生态功能定位并与植物建立了多重关系,有的研究涉及绿僵菌的植物内生性与其腐生性、昆虫致病性的关联比较,尤其在与植物互惠共生、促进植物生长、诱发植物抗性等方面已取得进展。……
