张丽敏 蔡国俊 彭熙 郭春艳 任春光 李安定

摘  要：為了筛选百香果最佳施肥模式，本研究设置5种不同施肥处理：不施肥（CK）、氮磷钾肥（NPK）、有机肥（M）、氮磷钾与有机肥配施（MNPK）、高量氮磷钾与高量有机肥配施（2MNPK），通过分析比较百香果的生长状况、产量、营养成分差异，进一步采用多元统计分析方法进行主成分分析及综合评价。结果发现：与CK处理相比，NPK、MNPK、2MNPK处理百香果生长最快，尤其在定植66 d后效果最明显。NPK、M、MNPK和2MNPK处理均提高了百香果产量及品质，MNPK、2MNPK处理效果最明显。与CK处理相比，NPK、M、MNPK和2MNPK处理百香果产量分别增产112.86%、74.40%、191.00%、244.30%，维生素、矿质元素、糖类物质、氨基酸含量均有上升趋势，总酸呈下降趋势，2MNPK处理总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、风味氨基酸含量分别增加了82.40%、76.11%、76.89%，总酸含量降低了22.61%。对36种指标进行多元统计分析，从中提取了3个主成分因子，其累计方差贡献率为97.925%。建立综合评价模型计算综合总得分排序为2MNPK（123.04）>MNPK（39.06）>M（–12.01）>NPK（–45.36）>CK（–104.73）。说明在这5种施肥处理中，2MNPK处理是百香果种植过程中最佳施肥模式。该研究可以为百香果大面积推广应用奠定理论基础。

关键词：百香果;施肥处理;营养成分;主成分分析;综合评价

中图分类号：143.6      文献标识码：A

Abstract： In order to select the best fertilization mode for passion fruit， five different fertilization treatments were set up in this study： no fertilization （CK）， nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium fertilizer （NPK）， organic fertilizer （M）， nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium combined with organic fertilizer （MNPK）， high amount of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium and high amount of organic fertilizer （2MNPK）. After the analysis and comparison of the difference of yield and nutritional components of passion fruit， the principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation were done by the multivariate statistical analysis method （PCA）. The results showed that compared with CK， the growth of passion fruit treated with NPK， MNPK and 2MNPK was the fastest， especially after 66 days of planting. NPK， M， MNPK and 2MNPK increased the yield and quality， MNPK and 2MNPK treatments was the most obvious. Compared with CK， the yield of passion fruit treated with NPK， M， MNPK and 2MNPK increased by 112.86%， 74.40%， 191.00% and 244.30%， respectively， and the content of vitamins， mineral elements， sugars and amino acids increased， while the contents of total acids decreased. The content of total amino acids， essential amino acids and flavor amino acids increased by 82.40%， 76.11% and 76.89%， respectively， and the total acid content decreased by 22.61% in 2MNPK. Based on the multivariate statistical analysis of 36 indexes， three principal component factors were extracted， and the contribution rate of cumulative variance was 97.925%. According to the variance contribution rate of the three principal components， the comprehensive evaluation model was established to calculate the comprehensive total scores of different fertilization treatments， and the order was 2MNPK （123.04）>MNPK （39.06）>M （–12.01）>NPK （–45.36）>CK （–104.73）. It shows that among the five fertilization treatments， 2MNPK is the best fertilization mode in the process of passion fruit planting. This study could lay a theoretical foundation for the large-scale popularization and application of passion fruit.

Keywords： passion fruit; fertilization treatments; nutritional components; principal component analysis; comprehensive evaluation

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.11.017

百香果学名西番莲，是西番莲科（Passifloraceae）西番莲属（Passiflora Linn.）多年生常绿藤本植物，广泛分布于热带及亚热带地区，我国主要分布在广东、福建、广西、海南、贵州等地[1-2]。百香果因其浓郁芳香的香气而闻名，具有“水果之王”的美誉。随着百香果种植面积的快速发展，种植户不合理施用化肥不仅造成资源浪费，还增加了面源污染[3-4]和土壤次生盐碱化、土壤酸化[5-7]、水体富营养化[8]等风险，也是制约百香果产量及品质的关键因素。……