罗晓军

摘要：无功功率它是用于电路内电场与磁场的交换，并用来在电气设备中建立和维持磁场的电功率。它不对外作功，而是转变为其他形式的能量。凡是有电磁线圈的电气设备，要建立磁场，就要消耗无功功率。典型的需要无功的设备为电动机和变压器，由于它不对外做功，才被称之为“无功”。但绝不是无用的功率，公司地面变电站主要服务于井下开采，大部分负荷为电动机类负荷，感性无功负荷比较集中和突出，本文就矿区地面变电站无功补偿装置及容量选择做如下论述。

关键词：无功功率;磁场;能量;电动机;变压器

Abstract：reactive power is the electric power used for the exchange of electric field and magnetic field in the circuit，and used to establish and maintain the magnetic field in electrical equipment. It does not work externally，but is transformed into other forms of energy. All electrical equipment with electromagnetic coils must consume reactive power in order to establish a magnetic field. The typical equipment that needs reactive power is motor and transformer. Because it does not do external work，it is called "reactive power". However，it is by no means useless power. The ground substation of Shendong company mainly serves mine mining. Most of the loads are motor loads，and the inductive reactive load is relatively concentrated and prominent. This paper discusses the reactive power compensation device and capacity selection of ground substation in Shendong mining area as follows.

Key words：transmission line，lightning strike，overvoltage，lightning line

引言

電力系统中无功由于它不对外做功，才被称之为“无功”。但绝不是无用的功率。尽管无功功率本身不存在功率的消耗，但是这种功率还是由电感元件或者电容元件与电源之间进行的，而且是以无功电流的流动来完成交换的，而电力系统中的线路及其它元件均存在电阻，无功电流在电阻上会产生消耗，所以电力系统中大量的无功流动还是会产生能量损失的，故在电力系统中应该尽量减少无功电流的流动，以减少能量损失和电压波动。

一、无功补偿的必要性及补偿基本原则

电力系统中若配电室中不装设无功补偿装置，则用电设备所需要的无功功率只能全部由电网提供，此情况下会存在以下问题：1、增加上一级变电站的无功补偿容量，2、输电线路传送大量无功功率，增加线路损耗及电压损失……