张红智 王营营 王波

摘要 乡村振兴战略在全国范围内大力开展，高素质农民成为乡村振兴的骨干力量，培育壮大高素质农民成为一项重要的战略工作。为满足我国农业强、农村美、农民富全面实现需要，我国出台了一系列农村人才队伍建设支持政策，大体经历了初步提出阶段、力度加大阶段、逐步深化阶段。系统梳理了不同阶段内对高素质农民支持政策的演变，认为成为高素質农民本身具有一定的条件，同时，高素质农民的培育壮大需要一定的制度创新和支持政策以及特定的外部环境作为保障。总体来看，我国高素质农民在现阶段仍面临着质量与数量的双重挑战。在此基础上，提出了完善高素质农民政策的重点方向。

关键词 高素质农民;新型职业农民;支持政策;农村实用人才;乡村振兴

中图分类号 G-719.21  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）22-0257-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.22.065

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Evolution and Improvement Direction of the Support Policies for High-quality Farmers under the Strategy of Rural Vitalization

ZHANG Hong-zhi  WANG Ying-ying  WANG Bo2

（1.Shandong Foreign Trade Vocational College， Qingdao， Shandong 266100; 2.Yantai University， Yantai，Shandong 264005）

Abstract The strategy of rural vitalization was intensively promoted nationwide in China. High-quality farmers have become the main force of rural vitalization. Cultivating high-quality farmers has become an important strategic work. To realize strong agriculture， beautiful countryside， and rich farmers， China introduced a series of support policies for the construction of the rural talent teams. There were roughly the initial presentation stage， strengthening stage， and gradual deepening stage. This paper systematically summarizes the evolution of support policies for high-quality farmers in different stages. It is believed that there are some conditions for a high-quality farmer. At the same time， the cultivation of high-quality farmers needs the guarantee of system innovation， support policies， and a specific external environment. Overall speaking， in the current stage， we face the challenges of the quality and quantity of high-quality farmers in China. On this basis， the key direction of improving policies for high-quality farmers is proposed.

Key words High-quality farmers;New professional farmers;Support policies;Rural practical talents;Rural vitalization

当前脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接工作已经在全国拉开帷幕。乡村振兴，人才是关键[1]，但传统农业劳动者存在数量萎缩、结构失衡、素质堪忧和后继乏人等突出问题[2]，因此，现代农业迫切需要大批的高素质农民。培育高素质农民队伍是推进乡村振兴的重要任务和手段，是加快农业现代化的必然要求，是推动农村社会治理现代化的重要举措，也是带动农民全面发展的主体力量[3]。

高素质农民即新型职业农民。2019年8月19日施行的《中国共产党农村工作条例》明确了高素质农民的基本素质，即有文化、懂技术、善经营、会管理。……