农田灌溉中常见的问题与对策
2021-11-27李娟
李娟
DOI:10.16661/j.cnki.1672-3791.2109-5042-7728
摘 要:农田灌溉对于农业生产活动起到至关重要的作用。传统农田灌溉模式,比较粗旷,存在严重的水资源浪费,灌溉效果也不是很好。虽然节水灌溉理念和技术已经在部分农村实现,但是节水灌溉技术的成本较高,而且农业生产都是小规模经营,没有做到规模化和产业化,导致节水灌溉普及情况不佳。该文主要研究农田灌溉,首先分析节水灌溉的必要性,其次分析农田灌溉存在的问题,最后给出应对策略,实现科学灌溉、节水灌溉。
关键词:农田灌溉 问题 对策 节水灌溉
中图分类号:S274 文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-3791(2021)08(a)-0082-03
Common Problems and Countermeasures in Farmland Irrigation
LI Juan
(Beijing Branch of Hubei Institute of Water Resources Survey and Design, Beijing, 100054 China)
Abstract: Farmland irrigation plays a vital role in agricultural production activities. The traditional farmland irrigation mode is relatively rough, there is a serious waste of water resources, and the irrigation effect is not very good. Although the concept and technology of water-saving irrigation have been realized in some rural areas, the cost of water-saving irrigation technology is relatively high. Moreover, and agricultural production is small-scale operation, which does not achieve large-scale and industrialization, resulting in poor popularization of water-saving irrigation. This article mainly studies farmland irrigation. Firstly, it analyzes the necessity of water-saving irrigation, then analyzes the problems of farmland irrigation, and finally gives countermeasures to realize scientific irrigation and water-saving irrigation.
Key Words: Farmland irrigation; Problems; Countermeasures; Water-saving irrigation
農业生产活动离不开水利灌溉工作,做到节水灌溉,提升农田灌溉的科学性,才能保证农业产业的健康发展。现阶段,农村灌溉过程中,存在的主要问题在于人员忽视节水灌溉管理,还有一些地区灌溉技术没有普及,例如:滴灌设备需要投入大量的资金;人们缺少节水意识,传统灌溉模式,讲究浇透,这是普遍存在的现象,相关部门应该给予足够的重视。
1 农业灌溉概述
1.1 传统灌溉
传统灌溉主要通过灌水的方式,将水引到田地,利用水的重力以及田地的毛细管,水分下渗,从而起到浸润土壤的目的,其又可以分为畦灌、沟灌、淹灌和漫灌。
(1)畦灌是指将灌溉土地通过田埂的方式,进行分割,分割成多个长方形的小畦。引入灌溉水之后,畦田表面会生产水层,沿着畦田移动,借助水流的重力,水分下渗,滋润土壤。
(2)沟灌是指将农作物的行间挖沟,灌溉水从水沟进入田地。……
