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论“奥菲悖论”对我国公积金改革的启示

2021-11-27于梦衍

科技资讯 2021年22期

于梦衍

DOI:10.16661/j.cnki.1672-3791.2107-5042-8853

摘  要:借鉴新加坡经验,住房公积金在我国的发展已有30年的历史,面临着一定的结构性矛盾与改革瓶颈。“奥菲悖论”假设了福利制度与资本主义兼容并包理论上的不可能,该文试图回答如何在社会主义制度里规避同样的命题陷阱,以及社会主义国家能否成为可持续发展的、成功的福利国家。社会主义国家可能成为“半福利国家”,即对公有经济体制实行福利国家的职能,对私有经济则靠市场的自由竞争与福利产品的商品化来治理。市场经济的社会主义与福利国家之间可能存在一种和音而非变奏,使得国家机器运作的合法性得到巩固,同时又释放市场上的自由竞争良性作用,最终在住房公积金福利制度化方面实现国家与市场的深度融合、积极共治。

关键词:福利国家   公积金   “奥菲悖论”   PPP项目   行政性再商品化

中图分类号:C93                            文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-3791(2021)08(a)-0187-04

On the Enlightenment of "Offe Paradox" to China' s Provident Fund Reform

YU Mengyan

(School of Marxism, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin Province, 136000 China)

Abstract:Drawing on Singapore's experience, the development of housing provident fund in China has a history of 30 years, which is facing certain structural contradictions and reform bottlenecks. The "Offe Paradox" assumed that it is theoretically impossible for the welfare system to be inclusive of capitalism, this paper attempts to answer how to avoid the same proposition trap in the socialist system and whether the socialist country can become a sustainable and successful welfare state. A socialist country may become a "semi welfare state", that is, it implements the function of a welfare state for the public economic system and governs the private economy by free competition in the market and the commercialization of welfare products. There may be a harmony rather than variation between socialism in the market economy and the welfare state, which consolidates the legitimacy of the operation of the state machine, releases the benign role of free competition in the market, and finally realizes the deep integration and active co governance of the state and the market in the institutionalization of housing provident fund welfare.

Key Words:Welfare state; Housing Provident Fund; Offe Paradox; PPP project; Administrative re-commercialization

1  我国公积金改革的时代背景

1978年与1980年,邓小平就住房商品化问题提出重要意见,为住房制度以及相应的福利制度改革注入了政治上的强心针。1980年6月,中共中央、国务院正式允许实行住房商品化政策,也正式拉开了我国住房福利制度建设的帷幕。

按照住建部、财政部、中国人民银行联合发布的《全国住房公积金2018年年度报告》,截至2018年末,住房公积金缴存总额14.59万亿元,提取总额8.80万亿元。2018年,住房公积金实缴单位291.59万个,实缴职工1.44亿人,分别比上年增长11.15%和5.09%。现如今在我国,公积金可以大体分为公务员与事业单位员工的公积金,以及企业职员的公积金。……

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