Contents

(No. 2, 2021)

Views on Sinology

Introducing China to the World: The New Mission of Foreign Language Universities ···········Zhang Xiping ( 5 )

Special Column for the 80th Anniversary of the Founding of BFSU

The Academic Value of Isabel Crook’sProsperity’s Predicament: Identity, Reform, and Resistance in Rural Wartime Chinaand Her Devotion to China ·········································Feng Gang & Lan Jianhua ( 9 )

Expressing Emotions with Words—Professor Qiu Sulun and the Thai Translation of Chinese Classics ·······························Chen Li ( 15 )

Spreading Traditional Culture with Earnest Heart—A Comparative Study on the English Translation of Chinese Classics by Chu Dagao and Ding Wangdao ··································································································Ma Liyuan ( 22 )

The Research on Chinese History and Culture by Romanian Sinologist Anna Eva Budura ·······Ding Chao ( 30 )

The Translation of Chinese Poetry of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties and Its Researches in France ·····························································································Che Lin & Ye Sha ( 37 )

The Dissemination of Chinese Culture in Southeast Asia in Modern Times: Inheritance, Variety and Inclusiveness ····························································································Su Yingying ( 46 )

An Overview and Integrated Innovation of the Study on the Extraterritorial Communication of Ancient Chinese Culture—On theBook Series of Overseas Transmission of Chinese Classics in the 20th Century····Wei Chongxin ( 52 )

Interview

Application of Historical Textual Methods in English Translation ofThe Analects of Confucius—An Interview with E. Bruce Brooks and A. Taeko Brooks ·····················Tao Youlan & Wang Yan ( 56 )

Sinologists’ Specialization

The Reform of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Chinese Approach—A Study of the Intellectual World of Yuzo Mizoguchi ···········································He Pengju ( 62 )

Hatano Tarou and His Sinology Studies ·······························································Chen Miaodan ( 71 )

Early Western Sinology

The Missionary Activities in China of the French Jesuit Adrien Greslon—Also on the Historical Value ofHistoire de la Chine sous la domination des Tartares ····Tang Kaijian ( 77 )

The Documentary Significance of Three Letters Written in Chinese by Jesuit Joao Rodrigues ····Chen Xizi ( 90 )

Chinese Classics Overseas

Exploration and Subversion: An Approach to the Brooks’The Original Analects···················Li Yuliang ( 95 )

The First Introduction and Translation ofEr Yain the English World ·················Hu Fangyi & Li Haijun ( 104 )

The Dissemination of Chinese Classics to Russia—Taking the Introduction ofThe Great Learninginto Russia as an Example ················Zhang Bing ( 110 )

The End of Hokkienese Zhuzi Studies in Modern Southeast Asia ·······························Tee Boon Chuan ( 118 )

Sino-Foreign Cultural Exchanges

A Study on the Portuguese Corp of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps ·····················Yan Yan & Jin Guoping ( 128 )

Exploring the Policy of the Qing Government on Chinese Laborers fromA Survey of Chinese Labors in Cuba ··········································································································································Zhang Shu ( 136 )

Languages Contacts

Tracing the Changing Descriptions of Mandarin in Ming and Qing Dynasties by Westerners·································································································Masazumi Shioyama ( 145 )

The Transmission and Influence of Li Jinxi’sThe New Chinese Grammarin Japan·······················································································Yang Xinghong & Wang Juan ( 155 )

Re-Examination of the Origin oflibai( 礼拜 ) ·······························································Liu Man ( 160 )

Bibliography Studies

Primary Sources on the Chinese Part in Daniello Bartoli’sSelva per L’Istoria·······················Wu Yinlan ( 167 )

Historical Comparative Analysis of Chinese and Portuguese Geographical Depictions of Sri Lanka before the 17th Century ······························································································He Yan ( 175 )

Academic Trends

Researches on American Chinese Studies in China since the Open-Up Policy ······················Yang Hua ( 184 )

New Progress in International Sinology under the Background of Globalization―A Review of the Annual Conference of Academic Union on Overseas Sinology in 2020············································································Liang Yong, Ren Xiankai, Zhang Qian ( 192 )

Afterword

Cultural Consciousness is Fundamental ································································Zhang Xiping ( 196 )

Contents and Select Abstracts ·························································································( 198 )

Select Abstracts

The Academic Value of Isabel Crook’s Prosperity’s Predicament: Identity, Reform, and Resistance in Rural Wartime China and Her Devotion to China

Feng Gang & Lan Jianhua

Abstract:As a lifelong honorary professor of Beijing Foreign Studies University and a pioneer of English education in China, Isabel Crook has been living in China for over 80 years and awarded the “Friendship Medal”of the People’s Republic of China. Less known is that Crook is an anthropologist. In the first half of the 20th century, she carried out fieldwork in rural China. In addition to the bookTen Mile Townjointly accomplished with her husband David Crook, Isabel Crook wrote another book entitledProsperity’s Predicament: Identity,Reform and Resistance in Rural Wartime China, which depicts rural society and its constructive experiments under the special historical background, supplementing new materials from the perspectives of anthropology. The academic value and Isabel devotion to China contained in theProsperity’s Predicamentare worthy of our in-depth exploration.

Key words:Isabel Crook,Prosperity’s Predicament, anthropology, fieldwork, devotion to China

Expressing Emotions with Words

—Professor Qiu Sulun and the Thai Translation of Chinese Classics

Chen Li

Abstract:This paper reviews Professor Qiu Sulun’s academic experience and translation practice in the past 40 years, mainly discussing her translation ofThe Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western RegionsandBuddhist Monasteries in Luoyangin Thailand. It also analyzes her essential role in Thailand’s traditional sinological translation and the spread of Chinese culture in Thailand. Furthermore, this study summarizes professor Qiu Sulun’s translation theory, which focuses on translation practice.

Key words:Qiu Sulun, Chinese Classics, Thai translation

Spreading Traditional Culture with Earnest Heart

—A Comparative Study on the English Translation of Chinese Classics by Chu Dagao and Ding Wangdao

Ma Liyuan

Abstract:Among the eminent scholars of the School of English and International Studies(SEIS) in Beijing Foreign Studies University, Chu Dagao and Ding Wangdao have made outstanding contributions in spreading traditional Chinese culture. Professor Chu was the first person that translatedCiandDaodejing; Professor Ding pioneered the dissemination of Chinese culture in the form of novels; and his translation of theAnalects of Confuciushave had a great influence in the academic world. This paper, through the method of text comparison of the translation styles by the two scholars, studies the interpretation of traditional culture and the vision of intercultural communication, describes their unique contributions, and explores the connotation of traditional,cultural communication.

Key words:Chu Dagao, Ding Wangdao, Chinese traditional culture, cross-cultural communication

The Research on Chinese History and Culture by Romanian Sinologist Anna Eva Budura

Ding Chao

Abstract:Romanian Sinologist Anna Eva Budura is one of the first group of exchange students between China and Eastern European countries who came to China after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. She studied successively at Tsinghua University and Peking University and became the first Romanian specialist in the field of Chinese historical studies. This paper mainly introduces her extraordinary experiences and creative contributions in the study of Chinese history and culture over the past 70 years, focusing on her path of attaining specialized knowledge, her attitude of seeking truth in practice and her integrity.

Key words:Anna Eva Budura, Romanian sinology, exchange students from Eastern Europe, Chinese history

The Translation of Chinese Poetry of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties and Its Researches in France

Che Lin & Ye Sha

Abstract:From the 1920s to the 1930s, due to the translation works of some Chinese students in France,Chinese classical poetry from the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties were introduced into France after that of poems of the Tang and Song dynasties. In the second half of the 20th century, the work of French Sinologist Jean-Pierre Diény on Han poetry and that of Donald Holzman on Jin poetry were the most important, which marked a great breakthrough in the translation and introduction of ancient Chinese poetry by the French Sinologists. Through the translations and monographs of many later Sinologists, the poetry of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties finally became one of the topics of the writings about Chinese literary history and the content of Chinese poetry translated into French in French academic circles.

Key words:Chinese classical literature, poetry of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, French sinology, Jean-Pierre Diény, Donald Holzman

The Dissemination of Chinese Culture in Southeast Asia in Modern Times: Inheritance,Variety and Inclusiveness

Su Yingying

Abstract:The exchanges between China and Southeast Asia can be traced back to before the Common Era.Throughout the history, the extensive and profound Chinese culture has spread widely to this region. In modern times, both China and Southeast Asia have experienced the common ordeal of the invasion of Western colonial forces, during which the tributary relationship between China and Southeast Asia subsequently disintegrated. Also broken were the vassal relationship and official exchanges which had been going on for centuries. On the contrary,folk exchanges prospered as a large number of Chinese immigrants flooded into Southeast Asia after the Opium War. Chinese culture has been inherited, developed and changed among Chinese ethnic groups in Southeast Asia.This paper takes the translation and introduction of Chinese classical novels in Southeast Asia as an example to discuss Chinese culture and local culture and how some cultural elements have been integrated into each other’s cultural context.

Key words:Modern times, Chinese culture, Southeast Asia, dissemination

The Reform of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Chinese Approach

—A Study of the Intellectual World of Yuzo Mizoguchi

He Pengju

Abstract:Yuzo Mizoguchi insisted on taking China as the method and the world as the purpose to conduct his research on China. He found the root of the historical matrix for the reform of modern China in the ideological and social changes starting from the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The mature rural governance in the late Qing dynasty, on the one hand, promoted the disintegration of the dynasty system, and, on the other hand, brought difficulties to the implementation of a representative system in China. Mizoguchi was neither in favor of cultural essentialism nor Chinese particularism. Confucian socialism was not a theory for him, but a problem that needed to be solved. Mizoguchi always thought about China’s problems from the standpoint of mankind. He also expected China to create a new foundation and to carryout new ideas and social transformation with the spirit of creating new universal principles for human beings.

Key words:Yuzo Mizoguchi, China as a method, changes in Ming and Qing dynasties, rural governance

Hatano Tarou and His Sinology Studies

Chen Miaodan

Abstract:The Japanese scholar Hatano Tarou mainly focused on the collation ofLaozi WangBizhuin his early years, and later devoted himself to the examination of Chinese novels and operas. Shifting from Confucian classics to popular literature, his academic interest was closely related with his thoughts, experiences and friendships. With many opportunities of academic visits to China, he accumulated a large amount of materials, and finally made remarkable achievements in the study of folk literature. He became one of the representatives of the Japanese study of Chinese folk literature during the post-war period.

Key words:Hatano Tarou, Japanese sinology,Laozi WangBizhu, Chinese popular literature

The Missionary Activities in China of the French Jesuit Adrien Greslon

—Also on the Historical Value of Histoire de la Chine sous la domination des Tartares

Tang Kaijian

Abstract:French Jesuit Adrien Greslon was a missionary in China for forty years, and played a very important role in the missionary work in southern China in the early Qing dynasty, especially in Jiangxi province. Based on scattered historical materials both in China and abroad, this paper makes an investigation of Greslon’s missionary activities in southern China, showing his life in China. It also analyzes and evaluates his workHistoire de la Chine sous la domination des Tartareswhich is of great historical value in the history of Christianity in China.

Key words:French Jesuit, Adrien Greslon, mission in China,Histoire de la Chine sous la domination des Tartares

The Documentary Significance of Three Letters Written in Chinese by Jesuit Joao Rodrigues

Chen Xizi

Abstract:The Jesuits’ writings on China published in different European languages, more importantly hundred books and numerous letters, influenced the evolution of contemporary European ideology. Accordingly,it’s no exaggeration to say that the foundation of Sinology in Europe was laid down in that period. The discovery of several letters written in Chinese by the Jesuit missionary Joao Rodrigues allows us to evaluate the influence of Chinese culture and language on Western missionaries who entered inland China in the 16th and 17th centuries.Among the first batch of books which introduced Western military science and technology into late Ming dynasty,Shouyuquanshu, which contains the three letters and memorials to the throne in Chinese, is one of the only existing works, and the largest and most abundant one, among those introducing Western military science and technology.

Key words:Westward Movement of Sinology, Jesuit missionary, Joao Rodrigues, letters written in Chinese

Exploration and Subversion: An Approach to the Brooks’ The Original Analects

Li Yuliang

Abstract:The Original Analects, a translation by E. Bruce Brooks and A. Taeko Brooks, is an important extension of contemporary Confucian studies abroad. It is characterized by the deconstructionist trend of thought that emerged in Europe in the 1960s and has had a great influence on American Confucian studies. On the basis of Liu Zongyuan, Hu Yin, Cui Shu, Arthur Waley and others’ skeptical attitude towards the Confucian classics in history, this paper gives play to their skeptical viewpoints on the ideological content ofThe Analects. Since its publication,The Original Analectshas impacted overseas Confucianism with its unique viewpoints; and, to some extent, it also represents the attitudes and viewpoints of some Western Sinologists towards Confucianism since the 1990s. From the perspective of translation studies, this method of integrating translation and the exegesis of the Confucian classics can give full play to the translator’s viewpoints, promote the innovation of Confucianism, and is also an effective way for the translation and dissemination of Confucian classics in the West.

Key words:The Original Analects, deconstruction, accretion theory, translation of Confucianism,dissemination

The First Introduction and Translation of Er Ya in the English World

Hu Fangyi & Li Haijun

Abstract:Elijah Coleman Bridgman, the first American missionary to China in the late Qing dynasty,published a review ofEr Ya（尔雅） inThe Chinese Repository, introducing it into the English-speaking world for the first time. This article, with the introduction by Bridgman andThe Chinese Repositoryas its start, studies this review, and reveals that Bridgman adopted three kinds of translation methods, namely, an excerpt translation which is generally faithful and reader-friendly but still with a few errors, an introduction which is accurate and comprehensive but a little oversimplified, and comments which are generally to the point but still with some prejudices. Bridgman’s translation ofEr Yadid not have a great influence, mainly related to the text’s content and the difficulty of its translation. However, a study of it has some enlightenment regarding the selection of materials in the process of the foreign translation of Chinese culture.

Key words:Elijah Coleman Bridgman,The Chinese Repository,Er Ya, introduction and translation

The Dissemination of Chinese Classics to Russia

—Taking the Introduction of The Great Learning into Russia as an Example

Zhang Bing

Abstract:Taking T. S. Bayer’s bilingual version ofThe Great Learning(in Latin and Chinese), which was the first Chinese classic published in Russia, and the first Russian version ofThe Great Learningtranslated by D. I.Fonvizin from French as examples, this paper traces and analyzes the unique course of the transmission of Chinese classics to Russia, a journey from China to Europe and from Europe to Russia.

Key words:The Great Learning, T. S. Bayer, D. I. Fonvizin, Russian sinology

The End of Hokkienese Zhuzi Studies in Modern Southeast Asia

[Malaysia] Tee Boon Chuan

Abstract:This paper aims to reconstruct and analyze the intellectual history of Zhuzi studies conducted in Hokkienese dialect from 1690 to 2006 in Southeast Asia. From the historical evidence of early Confucian academies in Southeast Asia, the introduction of Zhuzi studies in Hokkienese should be the result of the migration and transmission of Chinese into the region. During the peak period of 1897 to 1942, there are many translations and commentaries in Hokkienese on Zhuzi’sCollected Commentaries on the Four Bookswhich can still be found today. However, the Hokkienese study on Zhuzi come to an end after the independence of Indonesia with the last representative scholar Oei Lee Tjiek (1934-2008), who still published his study until 2006. This paper concludes with a bibliography of Zhuzi studies in Hokkienese in Southeast Asia for further academic research.

Key words:Southeast Asia, Hokkienese, Zhuzi Studies,Collected Commentaries on the Four Books, Oei Lee Tjiek

A Study on the Portuguese Corp of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps

Yan Yan & Jin Guoping

Abstract:By relying on the archival materials collected in Shanghai and Macao, and the reports in the newspapers in Shanghai, this paper studied the establishment and the principal achievements and military activities of the Portuguese Corp of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps. As one of the most active companies of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps, the particular ethnicity of the Portuguese in Shanghai is the core factor that influenced their military participation and the existence of the close tie between the members of the Portuguese and Macao.

Key words:Shanghai Volunteer Corps, Portuguese in Shanghai, Macao, Shanghai Public Settlement

Exploring the Policy of the Qing Government on Chinese Laborers from A Survey of Chinese Labors in Cuba

Zhang Shu

Abstract:Taking Chinese laborers in Cuba as an example, this paper analyzes the policy of the Qing government on Chinese laborers and finds thatA Survey of Chinese Labors in Cubaplayed an important role in the transformation of the policy of the Qing government regarding Chinese laborers. In order to protect the interests of Chinese laborers, the Qing government signed a treaty with Spain, dispatched Chen Lanbin’s Investigation Mission, and sent a consul to Cuba. In this process, the Qing government gradually deepened its understanding of Chinese laborers in Cuba and took more detailed protective measures. This study argues that the incident which caused this change wasA Survey of Chinese Labors in Cubaprepared by Chen Lanbin’s Investigation Mission.This book provided facts of abuse of Chinese laborers in Cuba, especially the great damages to the interests of Chinese laborers caused by the Manshen Paper, enabling the Qing government to formulate more targeted measures to protect Chinese laborers in Cuba, which was a crucial step in the practice of protecting the interests of Chinese laborers in Cuba by the Qing government. Furthermore,A Survey of Chinese Labors in Cubaalso exerted a great influence on the change of the Qing government’s policy towards Chinese laborers from negative to positive.

Key words:A Survey of Chinese Labors in Cuba, Chinese laborers in Cuba, Qing government, Chen Lanbin

Tracing the Changing Descriptions of Mandarin in Ming and Qing Dynasties by Westerners

Masazumi Shioyama

Abstract:This article takes the English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries compiled by Westerners as the core source materials for the investigation of Mandarin. In this preliminary investigation of the Mandarin dialect, Westerners mention “Mandarin” in the English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries, basically, there was no significant differences in their descriptions. They pointed out the differences between North and South Mandarin and Mandarin’s status compared with other dialects. By the end of the 19th century, Western scholars stated clearly that Mandarin was the official language of China. They also indicated that the Northern Mandarin was more politically important than the Southern Mandarin, and that the Southern Mandarin spoken by a larger population than the Northern Mandarin. After entering the 20th century, in the eyes of Westerners, Mandarin became China’s standard spoken-language, and Westerners no longer gave any expression to the differences between Mandarin in the North and South.

Key words:Mandarin, modern Chinese, Westerners, English-Chinese and Chinese-English dictionaries

The Transmission and Influence of Li Jinxi’s The New Chinese Grammar in Japan

Yang Xinghong & Wang Juan

Abstract:This paper introduces the basic situation of the translation and introduction ofThe New Chinese Grammarby Li Jinxi in the 1930s in Japan, and explains the different ways adopted in the process of translation and introduction in different periods, reflecting the in-depth trend from simple translation to the establishment of a theoretical system for Chinese grammar. The paper analyzes in detail the reasons for the spread ofThe New Chinese Grammarin Japan, and holds that it not only met the practical needs of Chinese teaching in Japan at that time, but also met the academic research on Chinese grammar in Japan, which is also related to the characteristics of its compilation and the special status of this book. In the conclusion, it is argued that we should pay attention to the researches done by Chinese scholars whose influences spread abroad, which is also an important part of the studies on the history of Chinese grammar.

Key words:Li Jinxi,The New Chinese Grammar, Japan, transmission

Re-Examination of the Origin of libai （礼拜）

Liu Man

Abstract:Based on Chinese Catholic documents from the 19th century to the early 20th century of the Ming and Qing dynasties, this paper re-examines the origin oflibaiin the context of the language contact of religious communication, and points out thatlibaiappeared in the Chinese writings of Philippine and Spanish missionaries in the late Ming dynasty. However, Catholic missionaries in China mainly used “zhuri主日” and “zhanli瞻礼+ numbers”. After the Protestant missionaries came to China, they learned from the people of Guangzhou aboutlibaiintroduced from Southeast Asia, and used it to distinguish themselves from Catholic missionaries, which also influenced the Chinese people’s use of this word. Thatlibaieventually entered the ordinary Chinese language,may also have been influenced by other religions in China. The formation mechanism of new words is the parody and free translation of words caused by lexical gaps and semantic borrowing in language contacts between Chinese, Spanish and Portuguese.

Key words:libai（礼拜） ,zhanli（瞻礼） , religious communication, language contact

Primary Sources on the Chinese Part in Daniello Bartoli’s Selva per L’Istoria

Wu Yinlan

Abstract:The Archives of the House of the Superior General in Rome, the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu, holds the autograph ofSelva per L’Istoriawritten by Daniello Bartoli, a 17th-century Italian Jesuit scholar.A careful study of the manuscript leads to the conclusion that the writings and letters of Jesuit missionaries Matteo Ricci, Martino Martini, Álvaro Semedo, António de Gouvea, Michał Boym and others are the main primary sources of Bartoli’s general description of China. Furthermore, it is clear that the “Annual Letters”(Litterae annuae) and “Letters”(Litterae) that the individual Jesuits missionaries in China sent to Rome are the primary sources for the section on the history of Jesuit China missions from 1611 to 1640. Bartoli’s masterpieceDell’Historia della Compagnia di Giesv, La Cina, terza parte Dell’Asiawas written on the basis of his rich manuscript notes theSelva per L’Istoria, so it has a solid foundation of historical materials.

Key words:Daniello Bartoli,Selva per L’Istoria, Society of Jesus,Dell’Historia della Compagnia di Giesv

Historical Comparative Analysis of Chinese and Portuguese Geographical Depictions of Sri Lanka before the 17th Century

He Yan

Abstract:China’s overseas communication and cultural exchanges were first represented by the Maritime Silk Road and Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Seas, in which he visited Sri Lanka for five times before the 15th century. After the opening of this new sea route, Sri Lanka also became the hub of Western culture. Under the influence of Chinese and European civilizations successively, Sri Lanka became the geographical center of Eastern and Western cultural transmission routes from the 15th century to the 17th century. By studying the geographical descriptions of Sri Lanka in Chinese and Portuguese historical materials, this article finds that around the 15th century was the watershed of the geographical and cognitive differences between China and the West.Sri Lanka played an important role in connecting Eastern and Western civilizations. The collision of Chinese and Western cultures in Sri Lanka also shows its historical value and significance in the history of Chinese and foreign transportation and the communication of Eastern and Western cultures.

Key words:Chinese and foreign transportation, Sri Lanka, Zheng He, Portugal, geographical depiction

Researches on American Chinese Studies in China since the Open-Up Policy

Yang Hua

Abstract:During the past 40 years of reform and opening up in China, researches on American Chinese Studies in China has become a popular topic. From 1978 to 1995, research on American Chinese Studies began to take shape. The academic community compiled a series of reference books and translated books, and published papers and monographs. From 1995 to 2019, American Chinese Studies flourished and became more specialized;and every effort was made to carry out academic criticism. There are also some academic debates in academic circles, such as the debates on “Sinology” and “Chinese Studies” , “Sinologism” , and “New Qing history”. In the era of globalization, we should establish cultural confidence, conduct equal exchanges and in-depth dialogues with American scholars, and have a cross-cultural vision and adopt interdisciplinary research methods.

Key words:American Chinese Studies, academic communication between China and America, Sinologism,confidence in the culture, interdisciplinary research method