张 静

(首都师范大学外国语学院，北京 100048)

一、引言

《文化的解释》出自人类学家克林福德·格尔茨，主要研究了文化的概念、文化与意识形态、文化与宗教的关系等领域。文章节选部分主要讲述文化的概念对人的概念的影响。文化人类学试图寻找真正可行的人性观，既要考虑人类本质的多样性，又要考虑人类基本的同一性。文章两译本分别出自韩莉和纳日碧力戈两位译者。

韩礼德指出，主位是信息的起点，分单项主位、复项主位和句项主位，而述位是句子表达的内容。语篇中前后小句主述位的联系与变化，就是篇章的主位推进，以表达完整的语篇意义。徐盛桓将主位推进模式分为四种:平行性、延续性、集中性和交叉性。该模式对翻译实践具有指导意义，有助于译者区分语义上的细微区别，也有助于对原文的准确理解和对译文的连贯组织。

二、文本分析

(一)原文

原文主位推进模式共计44次，平行性占27%，延续性占41%，集中性占21%，交叉性占11%。原文采用大量主位推进模式，增进了语篇的衔接与连贯。平行性和延续性频率最高，延续性高于平行性。

例1:but in the social sciences(T1)，it is very often in departures from that ideal that truly creative developments occur(R1).Scientific advancement(T2)commonly consists in a progressive complication of what once seemed a beautiful simple set of notions but now seems an unbearably simplistic one(R2).

T1“but in the social sciences”和 T2“scientific advancement”都围绕社科领域的理想，前后句主位相同，属平行性模式，增进前后衔接。

例2:Toward the end of his recent study of the ideas used by tribal peoples，(T1)the French anthropologist Levi－Strauss remarks that scientific explanation does not consist， as we have been led to imagine， in the reduction of the complex to the simple(R1).Rather，it(T2)consists， he says， in a substitution of a complexity more intelligible for one which is less(R2).

T2 是复项主位，“rather”具有语篇意义，“it”具有话题意义，指代“scientific explanation”。T2与R1指同一事物，即“scientific explanation”，属延续性模式，增进语篇衔接。

例3:Elegance(T1)remains， I suppose， a general scientific ideal(R1)；but in the social sciences(T2)，it is very often in departures from that ideal that truly creative developments occur(R2).

R1和R2均含“ideal”，两句有不同主位T1“elegance”和 T2 “but in the social sciences”，但是述位均描述该“ideal”，属于集中性模式，增进前后的衔接。

例4:Perhaps some of its laws(T1)are different(R1)，but there are(T2)laws(R2)；perhaps some of its immutability(T3)is obscured by the trappings of local fashion(R3)，butit(T4)is immutable(R4).

T1与R2重复，强调“law”，增进前后衔接。T3与R4重复，强调“immutability”。四句采用交叉性推进模式，强调规律和不变性，即人性具有同一性，增进语篇衔接。……