马宇晨 吴杰伟

摘要：2020年，回应COVID-19疫情对国家治理、经济发展和对外交往提出的挑战成为菲律宾杜特尔特政府的工作重点。疫情背景下，反贪及棉兰老和平进程等多项长期工作也得到稳步推进。尽管采取及时应对措施，菲律宾仍成为东南亚COVID-19疫情较为严重的国家之一;反贪工作持续推进，清查了菲律宾多个政府部门和国有企业存在的问题;《2020年新反恐怖主义法》的实施强化了菲律宾政府管控内部安全问题的能力。经济受到疫情冲击，多项宏观指标恶化，旅游和海外劳务等支柱产业受损严重;政府在疫情的不利影响下仍然坚持推进“大建特建”项目建设;反垄断斗争取得初步成效。外交方面，国际主流媒体和非政府组织仍就人权和新闻自由对杜特尔特进行抨击;美菲两国关系在年初一度恶化，但疫情暴发后合作紧密。中菲两国紧密合作，在抗疫、南海问题管控及国际事务合作方面成效卓著。

关键词：菲律宾;回顾;展望;COVID-19疫情

[中图分类号] D734.1            [文献标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479（2021）02-012-14

The Philippines： Review of 2020 and Prospect of 2021

MA Yuchen，  WU Jiewei

Abstract： In 2020， the priority for the Duterte administration has been how to cope with the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic to the country's governance， economic development and foreign contact. Against the backdrop of the pandemic， a number of long-term efforts， including anti-corruption and the Mindanao peace process， have also been steadily advanced.Despite timely responses， the Philippines remains one of the worst countries in Southeast Asia in terms of dealing with the pandemic; anti-corruption efforts have continued， checking the problems in various government departments and state-owned enterprises;the implementation of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020 has strengthened the Philippine government's ability to manage internal security issues. The economy hit by the pandemic plunged into recession， with some pillar industries， such as tourism and emigrant employment， severely damaged;Meanwhile， Duterte managed to advance his "Build， Build， Build" （BBB） program and the war against the oligarchs. On the diplomatic front， the international mainstream media and NGOs continued to attack Duterte on human rights and press freedom; the U.S.-Philippine relation deteriorated at the beginning of the year， but cooperation between the two countries has been close since the outbreak of COVID-19. China and the Philippines have worked closely together and have been effective in fighting the pandemic， controlling the South China Sea issue and cooperating in international affairs.

Key Words： The Philippines; Review; Prospect; COVID-19

2020年，回應COVID-19疫情对国家治理、经济发展和对外交往提出的挑战成为菲律宾杜特尔特政府的重点工作。国家治理层面，菲律宾政府在短时间内建立起有效的疫情防控机制，但自5月中旬为维持社会经济正常运转逐渐下调防控级别，使疫情在7—9月暴发;此外，对贪污和内部安全问题的治理稳步推进。经济受全球疫情和隔离政策冲击，国内生产总值及失业率等多项宏观指标恶化，旅……