王丽琴 崔江妍

摘要：在21世纪第二个十年，中国与日本在对东南亚基础设施投资方面展开激烈竞争和初步合作。相对而言，在甄选东南亚基础设施项目进行投资过程中，中国更加追求地缘政治目标，日本则凸显了浓重的重商主义色彩，这在某种程度上缓解了双方的直接竞争。在对东南亚基础设施投资中，中国更多地运用了一种政府驱动、需求引导、自上而下的方法，日本则主要采取了市场驱动、私营部门大力参与、自下而上的方法，这瓦解了双方合作的基础。目前，中国与日本对东南亚基础设施投资的合作只在第三方市场少量地展开。中日两国在东南亚基础设施投资方面的竞争是双方争夺地区影响力的一部分。但是，中国与日本在东南亚各国的基础设施投资竞争并不会造成东盟内部的分裂，相反，考虑到基础设施建设的非流动性，这必将造福于东南亚人民。

关键词：中国;日本;东南亚;基础设施;竞合

[中图分类号]  D822.333           [文献标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479（2021）02-075-10

China-Japan Competition and Cooperation in Infrastructure Investment in Southeast

Asia and the Implications

WANG Liqin， CUI Jiangyan

Abstract： The second decade of the 21st century witnessed the emerging China-Japan cooperation and more importantly the intensive competition in infrastructure investment in Southeast Asia. In comparison， China pursues more geopolitical goals while Japan seeks for more mercantilist objectives， which mitigates the direct competition to a substantial extent. On the whole， China and Japan apply dissimilar approaches separately， with the former applying a state-driven， demand-inducing， and top down approach whereas the latter exercising a market-driven， private-sector heavily involved and bottom up practice. This ruins the bilateral cooperation foundation between them， which results in only a few bilateral cooperation projects with Southeast Asian region as the third market. China-Japan competition in infrastructure investment in Southeast Asia is part of the remaining competition for regional leadership in East Asia between them， which will lead to a newly emerging leader in the long term. However， the competition will not cause the internal disintegration of ASEAN; on the contrary， it is going to benefit the Southeast Asian people as a whole， given the physical infrastructure projects featuring non-liquidity.

Key Words： China; Japan; Southeast Asia; Infrastructure; Competition and Cooperation

引    言

在21世紀第二个十年，中国与日本在东南亚基础设施投资方面的竞争愈演愈烈。2012年年初，日本自民党上台，随后安倍晋三再次当选日本首相。8月，安倍政府决定出口日本的基础设施系统以支撑日本国内经济的继续发展。2013年5月，日本出台“基础设施出口战略”（Infrastructure Export Strategy），决定斥重资推进日本对亚洲的基础设施出口。几乎与此同时，中国做出相似决策。2013年9月，中国国家主席习近平在哈萨克斯坦提出建设丝绸之路经济带倡议;10月，在印度尼西亚提出建设21世纪海上丝绸之路的倡议。……