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冀西北高寒环境条件下结球甘蓝抗裂球性的等级标准

2021-11-14申领艳康少辉陈宝刚苏浴源闫凤岐栗淑芳

中国瓜菜 2021年10期

申领艳 康少辉 陈宝刚 苏浴源 闫凤岐 栗淑芳

摘 要:为筛选出抗裂球性材料作为亲本用于结球甘蓝育种研究,在冀西北高寒环境条件下,对35份甘蓝材料叶球成熟后延迟5、10、15 d的田间裂球指数进行分析。结果表明,叶球成熟后晚收15 d为抗裂球性鉴定最佳时期,依据裂球指数将甘蓝群体划分为5个等级标准:高抗裂球(HR)、抗裂球(R)、中抗裂球(M)、易裂球(S)、极易裂球(HS)。同时鉴定出5份高抗裂球材料,分别是YR-湖南、巨野70、亚利郎、绿石70、快速球,并显示扁圆型的抗裂球性强于椭圆型,椭圆型的抗裂球性强于近圆型。该研究结果为冀西北高寒环境条件下甘蓝育种工作的开展打下了良好的基础。

关键词:结球甘蓝;抗裂球性;等级标准

中图分类号:S635.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)10-055-05

Establishment of grade standard on resistance to head-bursting of Brassica oleracea L. under alpine environment conditions of northwest Hebei

SHEN Lingyan1, KANG Shaohui1, CHEN Baogang2, SU Yuyuan1, YAN Fengqi1, LI Shufang1

(1.Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China; 2. Zhangjiakou Rural Revitalization Promotion Center, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China)

Abstract: In order to screen out the head-bursting resistant materials as parents for breeding research, in this study, field survey of 35 cabbage germplasm groups in the alpine environment of northwest Hebei province was conducted to analyze the field head-bursting index of leaf bulb delay of 5, 10 and 15 days after the leaf bulb ripened. The result showed the best time for the identification of the resistance to head-bursting was 15 days after the leaf bulb ripened, the cabbage group varieties were divided into 5 grades according to head-bursting index: High Resistance(HR), Resistance(R), Moderate Resistance(M), Susceptibility(S), High Susceptibility(HS). 5 High Resistant germplasm resources were identified by the same time, it was YR-hunan,Juye70,yalilang,Greenrock70,fastsphere, and the identified result showed Oblate Type was more resistant to head-bursting than the Elliptic Type, the Elliptic Type was stronger than that of Suborbicular Type. The results of this study laid a good foundation for cabbage breeding in the alpine conditions of northwest Hebei province.

Key words: Cabbage; Head-bursting resistance; Grade standard

冀西北地区呈现出不同的气候梯度和立体气候特点,其原因是海拔跨度从几百米到两千多米。海拔800 m以上地区,年平均气温3.2 ℃,夏季高温月份(7月)的平均气温为17~25 ℃,无霜期100 d左右,且昼夜温差大,气候冷凉,呈现出冬长春短无夏的特点,为甘蓝提供了适宜的生产条件,也是夏季蔬菜优势带。坝上地区6月初定植甘蓝,7月底至8月中旬采收,很好地弥补了蔬菜淡季供应的短缺。

结球甘蓝是我国主要栽培蔬菜之一,在全国各地普遍种植,栽培面积较大,同一季節栽培相同熟性品种间叶球成熟度基本一致,这样往往会导致叶球集中收获,上市单价较低。如果能延长收获期,农民可选择价格合适时收获销售,以获得更好的经济效益。……

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