范伟强　尹婧　王超楠　黄志银　李梅　张红　刘晓晖　张胜雪　张斌

摘    要：對33个大白菜品种在天津地区的表型多样性分析，旨在为天津乃至京冀地区大白菜新品种推广与更新提供参考依据。采集供试材料的9个质量性状和5个数量性状数据，并通过赋值法对性状进行赋值分级，完成变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。变异分析结果显示，短缩茎高在各品种间存在最为广泛的变异，变异系数为33.86%，叶球横径在各品种间差异较小，变异系数仅为9.76%;相关性分析结果显示，多个性状间存在一定的相关性，其中相关性极显著的有4对，相关性显著的有10对;主成分分析结果显示，前5个主成分方差累计贡献率达到69.16%，包括叶球抱合类型和株型、颜色、质量、成熟度、抗病性等相关因子，这些因子可以反映大白菜种质的主要表型性状信息;聚类分析结果显示，在平方欧式距离系数为20处可将供试材料分为6个组群。综上，利用具代表性的表型性状数据，对大白菜品种的遗传多样性进行评价分析是科学合理的。

关键词：大白菜;农艺性状;相关性分析;主成分分析;聚类分析

中图分类号：S634.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）10-032-07

Phenotypic genetic diversity evaluation of 33 Chinese cabbage varieties

FAN Weiqiang1， YIN Jing1， WANG Chaonan2， HUANG Zhiyin1， LI Mei1， ZHANG Hong1， LIU Xiaohui2， ZHANG Shengxue1， ZHANG Bin2

（1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation/ Tianjin Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Enterprises/Tianjin Kerun Vegetable Research Institute， Tianjin 300381， China; 2. Vegetable Research Institute， Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Tianjin 300381， China）

Abstract： The phenotypic diversities of 33 Chinese cabbage varieties in Tianjin were analyzed in order to provide reference for the promotion and renewal of new Chinese cabbage varieties in Tianjin and even Beijing， Hebei. The data of 9 quality characters and 5 quantitative characters of the tested materials were collected， and the characters were assigned and graded by the assignment method to complete the variation， correlation， principal component and cluster analysis. The results of variation analysis showed that there was the most extensive variation of shortened stem height among varieties， which was 33.86%. The difference of leaf bulb transverse diameter among varieties was small， and the coefficient of variation was only 9.76%. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation among multiple personality traits， including 4 pairs with very significant correlation and 10 pairs with significant correlation. The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of variance of the first five principal components reached 69.16%， including leaf ball embracing type， plant type， color， quality， maturity， disease resistance and other related factors， which can reflect the information of main phenotypic characters of Chinese Cabbage germplasm; The results of cluster analysis showed that the tested materials could be divided into 6 groups at the square Euclidean distance coefficient of 20. In conclusion， it is scientific and reasonable to evaluate and analyze the genetic diversities of Chinese cabbage varieties by using representative phenotypic character data.

Key words： Chinese cabbage; Agronomic traits; Correlation analysis; Principal component analysis; Cluster analysis

大白菜（Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis）是十字花科芸薹属二年生草本植物，栽培历史悠久，起源于我国，是我国第二大蔬菜作物，年种植面积180万hm2左右[1-2]。大白菜品质柔嫩，营养丰富，可供炒食、煮食、凉拌、做馅、加工腌制等。大白菜种类丰富，依据栽培地区、种植季节、球型大小、叶球颜色等形成多种多样的大白菜类型[3-4]，因此，大白菜的种植要根据需求选择优质适用的品种。……