西瓜种质M08甲基磺酸乙酯诱变条件筛选
2021-11-14王春霞何亚萍李陈浩曾郅隆杨建强马含月魏春华张显
王春霞 何亚萍 李陈浩 曾郅隆 杨建强 马含月 魏春华 张显



摘 要:为构建西瓜突变体库并创制优异突变新材料,以西瓜种质M08为试材,设置6个甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)浓度(φ)(0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%和2.5%)和3个诱变时间(12 h、18 h和24 h)的处理组合,根据相对成苗率来筛选最佳EMS诱变条件。结果表明,西瓜种质M08对EMS具有较强耐受性;M1代出苗率和成苗率均随着EMS浓度的升高和诱变时间的延长呈下降趋势。为了获得较大的突变群体,同时保证一定的诱变率,最终采用开壳后温汤浸种4 h,相对成苗率接近半致死剂量的1.5% EMS浸种12 h 或者1.0% EMS浸种24 h的处理组合,作为西瓜种质M08 EMS诱变的最佳条件,研究结果为下一步构建西瓜突变体库和通过诱变创制西瓜新材料奠定基础。
关键词:西瓜;种子;EMS诱变;相对成苗率
中图分类号:S651 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)10-026-06
Optimation of EMS mutation in watermelon germplasm M08
WANG Chunxia1, HE Yaping1, LI Chenhao1, ZENG Zhilong1, YANG Jianqiang1, MA Hanyue2, WEI Chunhua1, ZHANG Xian1
(1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 2. Dongtai National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park, Dongtai 224200, Jiangsu, China)
Abstract: In order to construct watermelon mutant library and create new mutant materials, six EMS concentrations (0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%) and three treatment times (12 h, 18 h and 24 h) were combined to screen the best EMS mutation condition according to the seedling relative growth rate. The results showed that the watermelon germplasm M08 had a strong tolerance to EMS, and the germination rate of all treatments were higher than 60%. Both the emergence and seedling rates of M1 generation were affected by EMS treatment, which showed similar downward trends corresponding to the increase of EMS concentration and the extension of mutation time. In order to obtain a large mutagenesis population and ensure a high mutation rate, the following condition was preferentially selected as the best EMS mutation condition for watermelon germplasm M08: After soaking for 4 h in warm water, the seeds without coats were treated with 1.5% EMS for 12 h or with 1.0% EMS for 24 h, of which the relative seedling rates were close to the median lethal dose. The present results provide a theoretical reference for construction of watermelon mutagenesis libraryandcreate new materials by EMS treatment.
Key words: Watermelon; Seed; EMS mutation; Relative seedling growth rate
西瓜(Citrullus lanatus L.)为葫芦科西瓜属一年生草本蔓生植物,原产于非洲,经驯化后成为了可食用的西瓜。我国是西瓜生产和消费的第一大国,目前收集保存的西瓜种质资源有1500份左右[1]。自20世纪50年代以来,经过育种工作者的不断努力,我国的西瓜品种已经实现了至少5次更新换代,极大地推动了我国西瓜产业的发展。然而,长期的人工选择育种导致现有的西瓜遗传基础狭窄,使得部分优良性状丢失(如抗性基因等),明显影响了西瓜品种的多样化选育进程[2]。因此,利用诱变技术创制新的育种材料,可以有效地解决这一问题,同时对拓宽遗传背景、深度挖掘重要功能基因也具有重要作用[3-4]。
甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)因其具有诱变突变率高、诱变效果好、成本低、易操作、突变范围广、不易产生染色体畸变等特点而成为应用最广泛的化学诱变剂[5-11]。……
