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北海市银海区药用植物资源调查与分析

2021-10-03黄宝优柯芳蒙秋远谢月英蓝祖栽黄雪彦余丽莹

热带农业科学 2021年12期

黄宝优 柯芳 蒙秋远 谢月英 蓝祖栽 黄雪彦 余丽莹

摘要為摸清广西北海市银海区药用植物资源种类及其开发利用现状,为中药资源可持续发展提供参考。以全国中药资源普查技术规范为指导,通过野外考察、标本采集与鉴定、普查数据整理、文献查阅等方法,对银海区中药资源情况进行调查与分析。结果表明:银海区现有药用维管束植物125科389属515种,包括蕨类植物11科12属17种,裸子植物5科5属5种,被子植物109科372属493种,其中国家重点药用植物61种,中国特有植物13种,广西新增药用植物资源20种。银海区药用植物资源较为丰富,但人为采挖和环境变化造成野生资源锐减比较严重,今后应加强相应的保护工作,使资源得到可持续利用。

关键词银海区;中药资源普查;药用植物

中图分类号 S567 文献标识码 A  DOI:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2021.12.007

Investigation and Analysis of Medicinal Plant Resources in Yinhai District of Beihai City

HUANG  Baoyou1) KE  Fang1) MENG  Qiuyuan2) XIE Yueying1)   LAN  Zuzai1) HUANG  Xueyan1) YU  Liying1)

(1 Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants/Guangxi TCM Resources General Survey and Data Collection Key Laboratory, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China;

2 Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China)

Abstract  An  attempt was made to  find  out the  species  of traditional  Chinese medicine resources  and their development and utilization  status in Yinhai district of Beihai, Guangxi so as to provide reference for  the  sustainable  development  of traditional  Chinese  medicine  resources. The  resources  of traditional Chinese medicine  in Yinhai was  investigated based the  guidance  of the Technical  Specification  for the Fourth  National  Survey  of the  Traditional  Chinese  Medicine  Resources,  and  a  field  survey,  specimen collection  and  identification,  data  sorting  of field  survey  and  literature  consulting  were  adopted  in  the investigation. The  results  showed  that  there  are 515 species  of medicinal  vascular  plants  in  Yinhai, belonging to 125 families and 389 genera (including 11 families and 17 species of ferns, 5 families and 5 species of gymnosperm, and 109 families and 493 species of angiosperm). Among them, there are 61 species belonging to key national medicinal plants, 13 species endemic to China, and 20 species of new resources  of medicinal plants  in  Guangxi. Yinhai has rich  resources  of medicinal plants, but  excessive collection and environmental changes have led to a serious reduction in wild resources. In the future, it is important to strengthen resource conservation and sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources.  Keywords  Yinhai district ; field survey of Chinese medicinal resources ; medicinal plants

药用植物资源是中药资源最重要的组成部分[1],其形成与变化不但与物种有关,也与生态环境和人文因素有关[2]。以药用植物资源调查为核心的全国中药资源普查对我国生物资源产业发展具有推动作用,是掌握中药资源本底和提高政府决策能力的重要前提[3]。建国以来,前后经历了三次全国性中药资源普查,都极大推动了我国中医药的快速发展。但是第三次中药资源普查迄今已有30余年,随着环境的改变,以及受人类生产和社会活动的影响,中药资源种类、分布、量、质和应用都在不断改变,现有的资料难以发挥其生产指导作用,中药资源家底不清是当前中药资源可持续发展面临的巨大问题[4]。……

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