干热河谷区番茄-甜玉米一膜两用免耕栽培技术
2021-10-03苏银玲杨双权木万福麻继仙但忠陈光平吕维梧杨子祥
苏银玲 杨双权 木万福 麻继仙 但忠 陈光平 吕维梧 杨子祥
摘要为减少地膜使用量,提高地膜使用效率,降低农业生产成本,提高农业生产效益。于云南干热河谷区元谋县开展番茄-甜玉米一膜两用免耕栽培试验示范和效益分析。结果表明,地膜的利用率可提高1倍,纯收益每667 m2增加6.27%。番茄-甜玉米一膜两用免耕栽培技术的实践与推广,能有效解云南干热河谷区农业自然降水利用率低的问题,还能降低农业生产成本,提高农业生产效益,对云南干热河谷区农业发展具有重要的意义。关键词干热河谷区;番茄;甜玉米;免耕栽培
中图分类号 S641.2;S513 文献标识码 A DOI:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2021.12.002
No-Tillage Cultivation of Tomato-Sweet Corn with One Single Mulching of Plastic Film in the Dry-hot Valley Region of Yunnan
SU Yinling1) YANG Shuangquan2) MU Wanfu1) MA Jixian1) DAN Zhong1)CHEN Guangping1) L ü Weiwu1) YANG Zixiang1)
(1 Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Botanical Garden, Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan 651300, China;
2 Mangshi Town Agricultural Service Center, Mangshi County, Dehong, Yunnan 678499, China)
Abstract To reduce the amount of mulching film used, improve the efficiency of mulch use, reduce agricultural production costs and improve agricultural production efficiency, an experimental demonstration and benefit analysis of using one mulch film in no-till cultivation of tomato-sweet corn were conducted in Yuanmou County of Yunnan's dry hot valley region. The results showed that the utilization rate of the mulch film was increased by two folds and that the net income increased by 6.27% peracre. The practice and promotion of no-till cultivation of tomato-sweet corn with one single mulching of plastic film can effectively solve the problem of low utilization of natural precipitation, reduce agricultural production costs and improve agricultural production efficiency in the dry hot valley region of Yunnan, which is of great significance to the agricultural development in the dry hot valley region ofYunnan.
Keywords dry-hot valley region ; tomato ; sweet corn ; no-till cultivation
由于云南干热河谷区区位独特,光热资源丰富,冬春季节气温高,降雨稀少,较适合番茄、鲜食甜玉米生产种植。区域内番茄种植面积常年保持在8600 hm2以上,同期产量约占全国番茄产量的30%[1];因其独特的自然条件,鲜食甜玉米口味极佳,近年来也发展成为云南干熱河谷冬春季主要的经济作物之一。露地膜下滴灌为该区域番茄、鲜食甜玉米生产种植的普遍栽培模式。膜下滴灌技术因具有增温保墒、节水、抑制杂草、防病害等功能而得到广泛推广和应用。我国从20世纪80年代开始将地膜应用于农业生产,地膜覆盖栽培已成为现代农业高产稳产的重要栽培措施。塑料地膜覆盖带来巨大经济效益的同时,也引起了严重的土壤退化和污染,残膜污染阻碍了土壤毛管水和自然水的渗透,破坏了土壤结构,导致“白色污染”,影响农业可持续发展[2]。……
