张曦元

[摘要] 糖尿病为慢性终身性疾病，是现存人类4大死亡原因之一，系由长期慢性高血糖与代谢紊乱导致的多种慢性并发症，难以逆转。预防糖尿病已成为世界公共卫生难题。我国是人口大国，糖尿病患病率已超过10%，糖尿病会产生多种并发症，与非糖尿病患者比较，糖尿病患者在患同种病症时，症状更加严重，治疗效果更差，当前糖尿病治疗费用已占我国整体医疗费用的12%左右，给我国人民及公共卫生体系造成巨大影响。糖尿病前期是正常人与糖尿病的中间状态，是一个可逆的过程，对该人群进行早期个体化、多样化、综合化的干预可降低糖尿病的发病危险性。现就我国糖尿病前期流行状况、糖尿病前期危险因素、生活方式干预、药物干预等方面进行综述，為糖尿病前期的预防与综合干预提供理论参考。

[关键词] 糖尿病前期;流行病学;饮食干预;运动干预;药物干预

[中图分类号] R587.1          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）16-0184-04

Epidemic status and progress in prevention of prediabetes in my country

ZHANG Xiyuan

General Ward，Department of Geriatrics，Nanning First People's Hospital， Nanning   530022，China

[Abstract] Diabetes is a lifelong chronic disease and one of the four major causes of death in existing humans. It is a variety of chronic complications caused by long-term chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders，which are difficult to reverse. Preventing diabetes has become a public health problem in the world. China is a country with a large population. The prevalence of diabetes has exceeded 10%. Diabetes can produce multiple complications. Compared with non-diabetic patients， diabetic patients have more severe symptoms and poorer treatment effects when suffering from the same disease. Current diabetes treatment costs have counted for about 12% of our country's overall medical expenses， which has had a huge impact on our people and the public health system. Prediabetes is an intermediate state between normal people and diabetes. It is a reversible process. Early individualized， diversified， and comprehensive interventions on this population can reduce the risk of diabetes. This article summarizes the prediabetes epidemic situation， prediabetes risk factors， lifestyle intervention， medicine intervention， etc.， to provide theoretical references for the prevention and comprehensive intervention of prediabetes.

[Key words] Prediabetes; Epidemiology; Diet intervention; Exercise intervention; Medicine intervention

糖尿病前期系指患者处于正常糖代谢与糖尿病（Diabetes，DM）之间的过渡阶段，通过一系列积极的干预措施可延缓甚至逆转其转化为DM。虽然糖尿病前期人群调查与报告中所采取的诊断方法与标准不尽相同，但研究结果均提示我国糖尿病前期发病率呈逐年上升趋势[1]。国际糖尿病联盟发布的报告认为，几乎全部的2型糖尿病（Type 2 diabetes，T2DM）患者，在发病前会经过糖尿病前期阶段[2]。糖尿病前期主要包括空腹血糖调节受损（Impaired fasting glucose，IFG）与糖耐量异常（Impaired glucose tolerance，IGT），在《卫生事业发展“十一五”规划纲要》中明确提出要做好慢性病工作，糖尿病的健康管理已纳入我国基本公共卫生服务内容，糖尿病前期干预迎来了新的挑战与机遇。……