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非内分泌科护士糖尿病知识认知现状及专科培训模式探索

2021-09-30郑晓佳金丽红刘良红施赵维方国美

中国现代医生 2021年16期
关键词:护士糖尿病

郑晓佳 金丽红  刘良红  施赵维  方国美

[關键词] 非内分泌科;护士;糖尿病;认知现状;专科培训

[中图分类号] R97;R4          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)16-0176-04

Investigation on the status quo of diabetes knowledge of non-endocrinology nurses and the specialist training model

ZHENG Xiaojia1   JIN Lihong2   LIU Lianghong1   SHI Zhaowei1   FANG Guomei2

1.Department of Endocrinology,Lishui People′s Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Lishui   323000,China;2.Department of Nursing,Lishui People′s Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Lishui   323000,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate and understand the status quo of diabetes knowledge of non-endocrinology nurses,and to explore the specialist training model so as to improve the nurses' diabetes knowledge awareness. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to select 100 non-endocrinology nurses who were employed in their positions by the medical alliance from January 2019 to June 2019 as the study subjects. The self-made diabetes knowledge questionnaire was used to conduct on-site surveys on nurses. The questionnaires were distributed and collected on site, and the results of the survey were analyzed statistically. The diabetes knowledge awareness of nurses at different years of ages,at different lengths of nursing practicing, and of different titles were analyzed. According to the random number table method,100 non-endocrinology nurses were randomly divided into two groups, namely a control group and an observation group. The control group was trained by the hospital′s endocrinology department for routine diabetes knowledge training. The observation group was trained on diabetes knowledge by professional internal trainers of diabetes in the hospital. The training results were compared between the two groups. Results The questionnaires of 100 non-endocrinology nurses were all effectively recovered, and the effective recovery rate was 100.00%. The awareness rates of 100 non-endocrinology nurses on basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge,blood glucose monitoring knowledge, and complication care knowledge were 78.00%,73.00%,71.00%, 69.00%, 72.00%, 67.00% respectively; the awareness scores of nurses at different ages, at different lengths of nursing practices, and of different professional titles on basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge, blood glucose monitoring knowledge,and complication care knowledge were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). After training,the observation group′s awareness scores of basic diabetes knowledge,dietary knowledge,exercise knowledge,medication knowledge,blood glucose monitoring knowledge, and complication nursing knowledge were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The diabetes management ability score and self-efficacy score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Non-endocrinology nurses' awareness of diabetes knowledge is not optimistic, especially nurses with shorter nursing practices and lower level professional title. The hospital needs to strengthen the professional training of diabetes knowledge for non-endocrinology nurses to enhance their diabetes knowledge awareness and diabetes management capabilities.

[Key words] Non-endocrinology departments; Nurses; Diabetes; Status quo of knowledge awareness; Specialist training

糖尿病是一种以“高血糖”为特征的临床常见病,属于慢性代谢性疾病,其发病率高、并发症多,严重危害到广大居民的生命健康[1-2]。糖尿病患者多就诊于内分泌科室,也有部分非内分泌科患者检出糖尿病,然而,非内分泌科护士对糖尿病的重视程度不足,其对糖尿病的理论知识和护理操作技能掌握不足,还有待提升[3-6]。本研究针对医联体100名非内分泌科在岗护士进行调查,以了解非内分泌科护士的糖尿病知识认知现状,并探讨提高非内分泌科护士糖尿病知识认知的专科培训模式,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

整群抽样法选择2019年1—6月医联体在职在岗的100名非内分泌科护士作为研究对象,100名护士均为女性,年龄21~49岁,年龄≥40岁、<40岁分别有33例、67例,护龄≥10年、<10年分别有35例、65例,职称分别为护士42例、护师37例、主管护师及以上21例。

依据随机数字表法将100名非内分泌科护士随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组年龄21~48岁,平均(36.74±9.18)岁,护龄≥10年、<10年分别有17例、33例,职称分别为护士21例、护师19例、主管护师及以上10例。观察组年龄23~49岁,平均(36.97±9.23)岁,护龄≥10年、<10年分别有18例、32例,职称分别为护士21例、护师18例、主管护师及以上11例。两组的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 调查方法  采用自制的糖尿病知识认知调查问卷对100名医联体非内分泌专科护士开展现场调查,现场发放和回收调查问卷,统计调查结果。调查问卷主要包括糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、运动知识、用药知识、血糖监测知识、并发症护理知识,知晓则答“是”,反之答“否”[7-9]。

1.2.2 培训方法  ①对照组由医院内分泌科组织进行糖尿病知识常规培训,参考《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》进行培训,培训老师由内分泌科省级糖尿病专科护士担任,每周培训1次,每次培训时间60 min,持续培训8次。②观察组由医院专业的糖尿病内训师进行糖尿病知识培训,在非内分泌科护士中选择糖尿病知识认知良好、糖尿病管理能力好的高年资护师作为内训师,由专业的内分泌科专家、糖尿病专科医生及护士长对内训师进行持续8周的培训(每周1次,每次持续90 min),对其进行考核通过后,再由内训师对本组护士进行专业化的培训,采取一对一带教模式进行培训,每周培训1次,每次培训持续60 min,持续培训8次。

1.3观察指标及评价标准

(1)统计非内分泌科护士对糖尿病知识的知晓率。(2)比较不同年龄、不同护龄、不同职称护士的糖尿病知识认知度评分。(3)比较两组的糖尿病知识认知度评分、糖尿病管理能力评分、自我效能感评分。①糖尿病知识认知度评分采取百分制评估,总分为100分,得分与认知度呈正比;②糖尿病管理能力评分采用糖尿病管理知识评定量表评估,量表总分为100分,得分与管理能力呈正比[10];③自我效能感评分采用一般自我效能感评分量表(GSES)评估,量表总分为0~40分,得分与自我效能感呈正比[11]。

1.4统计学方法

采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料以[n(%)]表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05為差异有统计学意义。

2结果

2.1 非内分泌科护士的糖尿病知识认知情况分析

100名非内分泌科护士的调查问卷均有效回收,有效回收率达到100.00%。100名非内分泌科护士对糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、运动知识、用药知识、血糖监测知识及并发症护理知识的知晓率分别为78.00%、73.00%、71.00%、69.00%、72.00%、67.00%;不同年龄、不同护龄、不同职称护士对糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、运动知识、用药知识、血糖监测知识、并发症护理知识的认知度评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1~4。

表1   非内分泌科护士的糖尿病知识知晓率(n=100)

2.2 不同专科培训模式后非内分泌科护士糖尿病知识认知度、糖尿病管理能力、自我效能感比较

培训前,两组糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、运动知识、用药知识、血糖监测知识、并发症护理知识等认知度评分、糖尿病管理能力评分、自我效能感评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);培训后,观察组的糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、运动知识、用药知识、血糖监测知识、并发症护理知识等认知度评分均较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的糖尿病管理能力评分、自我效能感评分均较对照组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表5~6。

3讨论

糖尿病在临床上较常见,是一种病程漫长的慢性疾病,糖尿病患者以中老年患者较为多见,临床表现以血糖水平异常增高为主,患者发病后还往往伴随有口渴、多尿、疲乏等症状,严重危害到患者的身心健康[12-14]。随着近年来老龄人口的增多、饮食结构的改变,糖尿病的发病率逐渐增高,糖尿病患病人数逐渐增加,由于该疾病属于内分泌系统疾病,患者收治于内分泌科病房,但在实际工作中,部分非内分泌科住院患者同时存在糖尿病,非内分泌科医护人员应对糖尿病予以充分重视[15-16]。

糖尿病专科知识是糖尿病专科及内分泌科护理人员需要掌握的基础知识,然而,部分非内分泌科护士由于接触的糖尿病患者少,在护理工作中对糖尿病护理的关注不足,缺乏充足的理论知识储备,实践操作技能相对欠缺[17-19]。本研究对非内分泌科护士的糖尿病知识认知情况进行调查后发现,100名非内分泌科护士对糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、运动知识、用药知识、血糖监测知识及并发症护理知识的知晓率分别为78.00%、73.00%、71.00%、69.00%、72.00%、67.00%,不同年龄、不同护龄、不同职称护士对糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、运动知识、用药知识、血糖监测知识、并发症护理知识的认知度评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示非内分泌科护士对糖尿病专科知识的认知不足,尚有待提高,应加强对非内分泌科护士的糖尿病专科护理培训。

本研究结果显示,护士接受不同模式的糖尿病专科护理培训后,观察组的糖尿病基本知识、饮食知识、运动知识、用药知识、血糖监测知识、并发症护理知识等认知度评分均较对照组更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组的糖尿病管理能力评分、自我效能感评分与对照组相比更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示由非内分泌科内训师对非内分泌科护士进行糖尿病知识培训,可提高培训效果,主要是因为内训师在接受培训的过程中会产生期待效应,有利于增强内训师的积极性,同时,由于内训师属于非内分泌科护士群体,能够更好地了解非内分泌科护士对于糖尿病的态度及认知情况,从而在内训师对其他非内分泌科护士进行培训时可采取更加合适的方式,确保参加培训的护士能够更好地掌握糖尿病专科护理知识[20]。

综上所述,非内分泌科护士对糖尿病知识的认知情况不容乐观,尤其是低护龄、低职称护士,医院方面需加强对非内分泌科护士进行专业的糖尿病知识专科培训,以增强其糖尿病知识认知度和糖尿病管理能力。

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(收稿日期:2020-06-02)

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