夏春芳 魏斌 高亮

摘要 动物防疫体系的建立与完善，是有效防控动物重大疫情的必要之举，也是实现畜牧业高质量发展、畜产品质量安全、公共卫生安全和生态安全的根本保障。伊犁州直是新疆重要的畜产品生产基地，因地处新疆西部边境，地域辽阔，交通不便，人力资源匮乏，动物防疫任务繁重，加之近两年动物防疫机构和动物防疫社会化服务公司改革的叠加影响，伊犁州直口蹄疫、非洲猪瘟、小反刍兽疫、牛结节性皮肤病等重大疫情出现多发频发的态势。笔者通过走访调查，总结分析了伊犁州直动物防疫体系建设在机构设置、管理机制、防疫队伍建设、基础设施配置等方面存在的问题和对策，旨在为相关部门完善伊犁州直动物防疫体系提供参考依据。

关键词 动物防疫;问题;对策;疫情监测

中图分类号 S 851.3  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）18-0250-02

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.18.061

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Problems and Countermeasures of Animal Epidemic Prevention System Construction in Yili Prefecture

XIA Chun-fang1，WEI Bin2，GAO Liang1 （1.Yili Vocational and Technical College，Yining，Xinjiang 835000;2.Yili Animal Health Supervision Institute，Yining，Xinjiang 835000）

Abstract The establishment and improvement of animal epidemic prevention system is necessary for the effective prevention and control of major animal epidemics， and is also the fundamental guarantee for the high-quality development of animal husbandry， the quality and safety of animal products， public health and ecological security. Yili Prefecture is important production base of animal products in Xinjiang， because is located in the western border of Xinjiang， vast area， traffic inconvenience， lack of human resources， onerous for animal epidemic prevention， and nearly two years for animal epidemic prevention institutions and epidemic prevention superimposed effect of the reform of socialization service company， Yili Prefecture foot-and-mouth disease， African swine fever， peste des petits ruminants， lumpy skin disease and other major outbreak. Through visiting and investigation，we summarized and analyzed the problems and countermeasures of the construction of the direct animal epidemic prevention system in Yili Prefecture in terms of organization setting， the construction of the epidemic prevention team， the management mechanism， and the configuration of infrastructure， aiming to provide reference basis for the relevant departments to improve the direct animal epidemic prevention system in Yili Prefecture.

Key words Animal epidemic prevention;Problems;Countermeasures;Epidemic monitoring

基金項目 新疆维吾尔自治区现代畜禽种业提升项目。

作者简介 夏春芳（1983—），女，四川乐山人，讲师，硕士，从事畜牧兽医研究。*通信作者，兽医师，硕士，从事畜牧兽医研究。

收稿日期 2021-01-07

伊犁州直地处新疆西部边境，畜牧业是伊犁州直经济社会发展的优势产业、农业农村经济的支柱产业和农牧民增收的主导产业，据统计，截至2020年底，伊犁州直养殖户118 572户，牲畜存栏量5 850 140头，其中牛1 280 591头，羊4 110 186头，猪295 805头，马145 592匹，其他牲畜17 966头，家禽8 560 196羽，其中鸡8 159 121羽，鸭125 657羽，鹅87 967羽，鸽子140 819羽，其他禽类46 632羽，2020年全年，伊犁州直活畜调出3 028 230头，家禽调出7 395 954羽，畜产品调出37 934.398 t。……