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西部农村土地经营权流转法治研究

2021-09-27陈玺岚陈淑祥

安徽农业科学 2021年18期

陈玺岚 陈淑祥

摘要 土地经营权流转是事关农民切身利益,保障国家有限土地资源充分利用,增加国民财富的重要内容。目前我国农村土地经营权流转还存在法制不完善、基层服务能力弱、农民土地流转意愿不强、流转程序比较混乱、农村农业基础设施落后等问题,特别是西部地区。通过实证方法分析西部土地经营权流转存在问题及其产生原因,并从法治角度提出构建新农村土地经营权流转法制体系、完善司法救济制度、完善农民社会保障制度、健全土地流转模式、健全新农村基础设施建设机制等对策。

关键词 西部农村土地;经营权流转;法治体系

中图分类号 D 922.3  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611(2021)18-0252-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.18.062

开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Study on the Rule of Law of the Transfer of Rural Land Management Right in Western China

CHEN Xi-lan1,CHEN Shu-xiang2 (1.International Business School, Chongqing University of Finance and Economics, Chongqing 401320;2.School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067)

Abstract The transfer of land management right is an important part of guaranteeing the full utilization of the limited land resources and increasing the national wealth. At present, there are still some problems in the transfer of rural land management right in China, such as imperfect legal system, weak grass-roots service ability, weak willingness of farmers to transfer land, chaotic transfer procedures, and backward rural agricultural infrastructure, especially in the western region. Through empirical method, this paper analyzes the land circulation problems and their causes, and puts forward countermeasures from the angle of the rule of law to build new rural land management rights transfer legal system, perfect judicial relief system, perfect rural social security system,perfect land circulation mode, and improve the mechanism of the new rural infrastructure construction.

Key words Western rural land;Transfer of management rights;The rule of law system

作者简介 陈玺岚(1992—),女,重庆人,硕士,助教,从事民商法、农业法研究。*通信作者,教授,从事产业经济、农村经济研究。

收稿日期 2021-04-27

“三农”问题是我国打赢农村脱貧攻坚战,实现两个百年奋斗目标全面建成小康社会的关键所在,农村土地经营权流转是实施乡村振兴战略的主要抓手。党的十八大以来,政府发布了一系列农村土地改革政策,并修改了相关法律。2014年中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅在《关于引导农村土地经营权有序流转发展农业适度规模经营的意见》中强调“坚持农村土地集体所有,实现所有权、承包权、经营权三权分置,引导土地经营权有序流转”[1-3]。2018年《农村土地承包法》修订,2019年1月1 日起正式实施[4]。新修订的《农村土地承包法》最大亮点在于将农村土地承包经营权分离成农村土地承包权和农村土地经营权,与农村土地所有权构成“三权分置”,该转变为土地经营权流转提供了理论基础。……

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