牛结节性皮肤病诊断与综合防控
2021-09-27袁帅林杨正萍
袁帅林 杨正萍
摘要:牛结节性皮肤病是由结节性皮肤病毒感染引发的一种以牛全身皮肤出现结节为主要特征的病毒性传染性疾病,该类疾病属于外来传入性疾病,对我国肉牛养殖和奶牛养殖造成的威胁巨大,给牛养殖产业带来巨大经济损失。该文探讨了结节性皮肤病的流行特征、临床症状、病理特征及鉴别诊断方法,论述了相应的综合防控措施,希望研究成果对广大同行有所帮助。
关键词:牛结节性皮肤病;诊断;综合防控
中图分类号:S858.23文献标识码:Bdoi:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.24.035
Diagnosis and Comprehensive Prevention and Control Measures of Bovine Nodular Skin Disease
YUAN Shuailin,YANG zhengping
(Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Mulayuan Township,Shidian County,Baoshan Yunnan 678200,China)
Abstract:Bovine tuberous skin disease is a viral infectious disease caused by tuberous skin virus infection,which is mainly characterized by tuberous skin on the whole body of cattle. This disease is an imported disease,which poses a great threat to beef cattle breeding and dairy cattle breeding in China,and brings huge economic losses to cattle breeding industry. Based on practical work experience,this paper discussed the epidemic characteristics,clinical symptoms,pathological characteristics and differential diagnosis methods of nodular dermatosis,and then discussed the corresponding comprehensive prevention and control measures,hoping that the research will be helpful to the general colleagues.
Keywords:bovine tuberous skin disease,diagnosis,comprehensive prevention and control
0引言
牛結节性皮肤病是一种传播速度极快的病毒性传染性疾病,临床上以皮肤出现结节为主要特征,发病率通常在2%~45%,死亡率在10%以下。世界动物卫生组织将牛结节性皮肤病划归为法定报告的动物疫病,我国将其划归为二类动物疫病。随着牛养殖业不断发展,养殖规模扩大的同时,牛结节性皮肤病的传入风险大大提高。很多养殖场在对外引种过程中,没有执行严格的检疫检验,引进了携带有病毒的患病牛,与健康牛频繁接触造成疫情快速传播蔓延,带来严重的经济损失。因此,需要对牛结节性皮肤病的实际特征有所掌握和了解,以便及时采取防控措施,确保在短时间内控制病情,避免带来严重的经济损失。
1流行特点
牛结节性皮肤病毒属于痘病毒科、山羊痘病毒属的成员,属于双链的DNA病毒,该种病毒呈现椭圆形或者砖块型。牛结节皮肤病毒主要寄生在牛的皮肤结节、精液、血液和唾液当中,病毒耐冻融,对酸碱和阳光比较敏感,65 ℃环境下30 min就可以将其杀死。……
