陈宝玲 徐燕美

【摘要】目的：了解南海区中小学生近视及相关因素， 为今后近视防控工作提供依据。方法：多阶段整群随机抽样法、问卷调查法、现场检测法。结果：问卷调查显示40 %学生表示学校从不调整或课桌椅不可调。超过40 %学生未按要求每天坚持在校做眼保健操2次。50 %学生放学后做作业时间超过3h。50 %学生课外参加文化类补习班超过1 h。超过70 %学生在过去一周里，使用移动电子设备时间平均每天超过 0.5 h以上。以课桌椅分配不达标率最突出，达标率只有7.0 %，黑板面照度达标率20.5 %，黑板反射比达标率33.1 %、教室采光后墙反射比达标率35.3 %、课桌面照度达标率38.8 %。结论：近视相关危险行为在学生中普遍存在，学校环境卫生监测指标不达标情况较为严重。提出如下建议：建立常规监测制度；推动学校教学环境建设；开展广泛宣传教育。营造各方参与、专家指导、学校教育、家庭关注、学生自主的良好氛围，扎实开展综合防控行动。

【关键词】学生；近视；相关因素；防控策略

[中图分类号]R179 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]2096-5249（2021）11-0180-03

Analysis on the related factors of myopia prevention among primary and middle school students in Nanhai District

CHEN Bao-ling， XU Yan-mei （Nanhai District Center for Disease Control and prevention， School health unit， Foshan Guangdong 528200， China）

[Abstract] Objective： Objective to understand the myopia and related factors of primary and secondary school students in Nanhai District， and to provide basis for myopia prevention and control in the future . Methods： Multi stage cluster random sampling method， questionnaire survey method and field test method. Results： The questionnaire survey showed that 40% of the students said that the school never adjusted or the desks and chairs could not be adjusted. More than 40% of the students did not insist on doing eye exercises twice a day. 50% of the students did their homework for more than 3 hours after school. The most prominent non-standard rate of desks and chairs distribution is 7.0%， the standard rate of blackboard illumination is 20.5%， the blackboard reflectance is 33.1%， the standard rate of classroom wall reflectance after daylighting is 35.3%， and that of desk top illumination is 38.8%. Conclusion： Myopia related risk behaviors are common among students， and school environmental health monitoring indicators are not up to standard. The following suggestions are put forward： Establish routine monitoring system； Promote the construction of school teaching environment； Carry out extensive publicity and education. We should create a good atmosphere of participation， expert guidance， school education， family concern and student autonomy， and carry out comprehensive prevention and control actions.

[key word] Student； Myopia； Related factors； Prevention and control strategy

近年来，随着智能手机、电脑等电子产品的快速发展和普及，中小学生课内外负担不断加重，我国中小学生近视患病率居高不下，个别地区7成中小学生视力不良[1-2]，而且以中度为主[3]，甚至高中生近视率高达了80%[4]。为了解南海区中小学生近视相关因素，为今后近视防控工作提供依据，2020年10月開展了2118名中小学生近视专项监测工作，结合2019年9月和2010年10月分别对广东省佛山市南海区2171名和2153名中小学生进行问卷调查采集近视相关行为，以及2019年和2020年购买第三方监测机构服务开展辖区256间学校（全覆盖）的学校卫生综合评价结果进行分析，提出近视预防策略。……