姜晓红 张萌萌

摘  要：同城O2O外卖配送的管理与优化是当前外卖行业亟待解决的问题。依据外卖配送特点、配送时间、餐损控制等约束，建立以最大顾客满意度为优化目标的配送路径优化模型，综合运用GIS技术得到具有可视化、科学性和高效率的优化决策;以某大学校区O2O外卖路径为研究对象验证所建模型的可行性，分别以顾客满意度最大化为优化目标、最短路径为优化目标进行路径优化，加以对比分析，结果显示GIS技术能够提供很好的解决方案。同城O2O外卖配送路径的优化可以方便消费者，降低成本，提高餐饮业的整体服务水平。

关键词：O2O外卖;车辆路径优化;GIS;校园配送

中图分类号：F252.14    文献标识码：A

Abstract： The management and optimization of the delivery of O2O in the same city is an urgent problem to be solved in the current takeout industry. According to the characteristics of takeaway distribution and the constraints of delivery time and meal loss control， the distribution route optimization model with the maximum customer satisfaction as the optimization objective is constructed. With the comprehensive use of GIS technology， visualization， scientific and efficient optimization decision-making has been put forward. Taking the take-out route of O2O in one university campus the research object， the feasibility of the model is verified. The path optimization is carried out with the maximization of customer satisfaction as the optimization objective and the shortest path as the optimization objective， and comparative analysis is made. The analysis results show that GIS technology can provide a good solution. The optimization of the distribution route of O2O takeout in the same city can facilitate consumers， reduce costs and improve the overall service level of catering industry.

Key words： O2O takeout food; path optimization; GIS; campus distribution

0  引  言

外卖配送属于物流配送范畴，但快递与物流配送有很大差异，配送过程中与普通货物配送特征区分明显。具体来讲在配送中快餐外卖特点主要体现在以下四点：外卖特征属性要求不同、服务时效要求不同、配送点作业不同、配送装备特殊性[1-2]。同城O2O外卖配送模式主要有两种：企业商户自营配送模式、互联网在线平台类型。无论是自营配送还是在线平台配送模式，成本仍然很高，存在的问题很多，如尚不能满足网络订餐行业的迫切需求，外卖配送问题重重，配送路线不合理，餐损问题严重，配送时间超时等，外卖配送的管理与优化是当前外卖行业亟待解决的问题。在校园中主要采用自主配送，效率问题一直影响着外卖服务质量其中存在的主要问题包括以下四点：（1）人力成本高，配置不合理;（2）路线规划不合理，浪费人力时间成本;（3）餐损问题严重;（4）时间要求严格[3-5]。……