李炜勤 刘翱 任亮 彭琨琨 邓旭东

摘  要：目前，快递企业采取单独配送模式进行末端配送，存在网点重复建设、配送效率低和成本高等问题。而在共同配送模式下，末端网点通过自提和送货上门为客户服务，与送货上门相比，自提服务能有效解决快递员与客户收货时间不匹配、延迟配送等问题。鉴于此，文章研究考虑共同配送的多容量类型快递末端自提点布局问题。首先，建立以自提点建设成本、运输成本和运营成本等联盟总成本最低为目标的快递末端自提点选址和容量决策模型;其次，设计改进的二进制教与学优化算法求解最优选址和容量决策;最后，对不同的选址布局方案进行对比分析。研究结果表明，建设多容量类型的自提点时成本最低。

关键词：共同配送;设施选址;容量决策;二进制教与学优化算法

中图分类号：TP399    文献标识码：A

Abstract： Nowadays， express delivery enterprises often adopt the separate terminal distribution mode， which often suffers from these problems such as repeated network construction， low distribution efficiency and high cost. In the joint distribution mode， the end delivery points serve customers through self-pickup and home delivery. In comparison with door-to-door delivery， self-pickup service can effectively solve the problems of the delivery time mismatch， delayed delivery and other problems. In view of this， this paper studies the point layout problem of express terminal self-delivery with multi-capacity type by considering joint distribution. Firstly， the facility location and capacity decision model of the express terminal self-delivery points are established with the objective of minimizing the alliance total cost， including the terminal self-delivery construction cost， goods transportation costs and the operating costs. Secondly， an improved binary teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm is also proposed to obtain the optimal facility location and capacity size of the express terminal self-delivery points. Finally， this paper compares and analyzes the different layout schemes. The results show that the self-delivery point layout scheme with multi-capacity type has the lowest cost among the different layout schemes.

Key words： joint distribution; facility location; capacity decision; binary teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm

0  引  言

近年來，快递业务量高速增长的同时，也存在着快递末端配送成本高和效率低等问题。究其原因，一方面，网购客户分布不集中，需求呈现高频率、零散化的特点;另一方面，快递企业单独配送，导致网点重复建设和资源浪费，难以产生规模效益。因此，快递企业组成联盟采取末端节点共同配送、中转站共同配送、配送中心共同集配等不同方式进行共同配送，能较好地解决网点重复建设、交错运输等问题[1-2]。由于末端节点共同配送模式使企业能够共享末端节点设施，保证在降低配送成本的同时维护企业客户源，成为了目前共同配送模式中最常采用的一种[1]。……