梁永梅 房志明 黄嘉豪

摘  要：针对城市区域的应急医疗物资配送问题，把医疗点作为节点，医疗点之间的路径作为边，构建了相应的应急医疗物资配送的图模型。提出了两种面向实际需求的模型求解目标，一种是路径最短，该目标追求配送路径/用时最短，另一种是时效性最优，该目标追求人均可利用配售时间最多，以减轻人群聚集情景。建立了基于遗传算法的应急医疗物资配送模型求解方法，并针对一个实例进行了计算分析，结果表明，路径最短的配送方案不一定能达到最优的人均配售时间，而如果想实现较多的人均配售时间，则可能需要花费较多的配送成本。

关键词：医疗物资;配送;路径;时效;遗传算法

中图分类号：F252.14    文献标识码：A

Abstract： In the event of an infectious disease epidemic， the rational dispatch and distribution of emergency medical supplies is the basis for epidemic prevention to ensure the safety of people's lives. Aiming at the problem of emergency medical supplies distribution in urban areas， taking medical points as nodes and paths between medical points as edges， a corresponding graph model of emergency medical material distribution is constructed. Two model solution goals oriented to actual needs are proposed. One is the shortest path， which pursues the shortest delivery route/time， and the other is the best timeliness， which pursues the maximum time available for allotment to reduce crowd gathering. A genetic algorithm-based emergency medical supplies distribution model solution method is then established， and calculation and analysis for an example is carried out. The results show that the shortest path distribution plan may not achieve the optimal per capita distribution time， and more per capita distribution time may require more travel costs.

Key words： medical supplies; distribution; routing; timeliness; genetic algorithm

0  引  言

自2019年底開始的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，给全球公共卫生带来了严峻的挑战。尤其2020年初，口罩、医用防护服等重要医疗物资一直处于极度短缺状态，应急医疗物资的生产与配送成为应对新冠肺炎疫情的关键。以口罩为例，作为阻断新冠肺炎疫情在普通民众间传播的最经济且有效的工具，其需求量急剧攀升，且远远超出了日常产量。在口罩产能不足之时，为了保障居民的正常生活需求，国内各地一度对口罩配售实行统一调度：居民在所属地实名预约，口罩配送至定点药店，居民凭预约信息至定点药店购买。其中，口罩配送方案与路径是否最优决定了统一调度是否高效。因此，研究口罩等应急医疗物资的配送优化问题具有重要现实意义。……