贾韫泽 王琳瑛 李冠征

摘  要：新冠疫情暴发伊始，因疫情封控迫使物流中断、供应链断链，全国各地蔬菜、水果等生鲜农产品均出现不同程度的供需矛盾。银川市同样面临“卖难买难”的双重困境，一方面就生产端而言，区外果蔬进不来、市内果蔬出不去，农户销售渠道受阻;另一方面就消费端而言，部分社区果蔬供不应求、供应种类单一、新鲜程度参差，市民消费需求受限。“足不出户+线上采购+线下无接触配送”的宅配操作顺势成为市民居家防疫的首选策略，使得小微供应链得以重建。本文梳理了银川市果蔬宅配的四种模式，剖析其现存的五大问题并提出解决对策。以期为此类突发公共卫生事件的城市果蔬宅配提供地方经验。

关键词：新冠疫情;生鲜农产品;宅配模式

中图分类号：F252.14    文章标识码：A

Abstract： Due to the close management at the initial stage of the outbreak of COVID-19， it has caused great influence on the logistics and supply chain， which leads to the conflicts between the supply and demand of fresh agricultural products such as vegetables and fruits in the whole country. Similarly， there is no exception in Yinchuan city， which has to deal with the dual dilemma of“the difficulty existing in both sale and purchase”. On the one hand， it fails to bring fruits and vegetables outside the district here in terms of the production process， which also fails to send fruits and vegetables in the city out， causing the limitation to the sales channels of farmers. On the other hand， it leads to the short supply of some fruits and vegetables in some communities in terms of consumption end， which has single supply types， and various degree of freshness， bringing some restrictions to citizens' consumption demand. In this context， the home delivery operation of“staying at home+online procurement+offline contactless distribution”has become the top strategy for residents to fight against the epidemic at home， which is able to reconstruct the small and micro supply chain under this situation. In this thesis， it sorts out the four modes of fruit and vegetable distribution in Yinchuan city， which also makes analysis on the five existing issues， so as to propose the countermeasures according to this， which provides reference of local experience for dealing with such public health emergencies.

Key words： COVID-19; fresh agricultural products; home delivery mode

2020年初新冠肺炎疫情暴发，给我国造成卫生健康、经济停摆、三产重创等负面影响。习近平总书记多次作出重要指示，疫情防控不仅限于医药卫生方面，而是全方位的系统性工作。为了保民生、保生产、保安定，全国各地相继部署迅捷有力、精细有情、行之有效的防控举措，为阻击疫情构筑坚强堡垒。面对突发公共卫生事件，合力抗疫情与全力保生产须齐头并进。众所周知，“米袋子”和“菜篮子”乃民生之基，确保农业稳产保供可为抗疫成功保驾护航。“菜篮子”尤其事关一日三餐，且联结城乡两头的生产消费。2020年春节以来，为遏制疫情扩散，封闭管控、宅家隔离、控制人流、道路封锁、网格管理、轨迹追踪等应急措施，给银川市民的“菜篮子”、“果篮子”供应带来了新挑战与新机遇。……