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宣恩火腿的加工工艺和品质特性研究进展

2021-09-17熊哲民丽蕊杨江耿翠竹崔莹莹王海滨廖鄂陈季旺

肉类研究 2021年8期

熊哲民 丽蕊 杨江 耿翠竹 崔莹莹 王海滨 廖鄂 陈季旺

摘 要:宣恩火腿是中国湖北恩施的地方特色产品,同时也是中国国家地理标志产品,是“中国四大名腿”之一,兼具食用价值和药用价值。宣恩火腿在加工过程中会伴随一些理化性质的变化,形成风味物质,同时其加工工艺也赋予宣恩火腿独特的风味。本文主要综述宣恩火腿的加工工艺、加工过程中理化性质和微生物群落变化以及宣恩火腿独特风味成因等研究进展,旨在为开展相关研究提供参考,为推动宣恩火腿的发展提供技术支持。

关键词:宣恩火腿;加工工艺;品质特性;风味;形成机理

Progress in Processing Technology and Quality Characteristics of Xuanen Dry-Cured Ham

XIONG Zhemin1, LI Rui2, YANG Jiang2, GENG Cuizhu2, CUI Yingying2, WANG Haibin2,3,*, LIAO E2,3, CHEN Jiwang2,3

(1.School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;

2.School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;

3.National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan 430023, China)

Abstract: Xuanen ham, a local specialty in Enshi, Hubei Province, China, is a nationally protected geographical indication product. It is one of the four famous hams in China and has both culinary and medicinal value. During the processing of Xuanen ham, some physicochemical changes occur, and flavor substances are formed, endowing it with a unique flavor. This paper reviews recent progress in Xuanen ham processing technology, changes in physicochemical properties and microbial community during processing, and the origin of the unique flavor of Xuanen ham, aiming to provide a reference for related research and technical support for promoting the development of the Xuanen ham industry.

Keywords: Xuanen ham; processing technology; quality characteristics; flavor; formation mechanism

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210309-060

中图分类号:TS251.5                                      文獻标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)08-0064-07

引文格式:

熊哲民, 丽蕊, 杨江, 等. 宣恩火腿的加工工艺和品质特性研究进展[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(8): 64-70. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210309-060.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

XIONG Zhemin, LI Rui, YANG Jiang, et al. Progress in processing technology and quality characteristics of Xuanen

dry-cured ham[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(8): 64-70. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210309-060.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

干腌火腿是以生长状况良好的整只猪前腿或后腿为原料,以食盐为主要腌制剂,在组织内源酶和微生物的作用下,经过低温腌制以及长时间的高温发酵成熟等加工步骤制作而成的一类传统猪肉制品[1]。干腌火腿能够长期保存,且具有独特风味,并以其“味道鲜美、口感醇厚、营养丰富、食而不腻”而享誉盛名,是传统腌腊肉制品的精华和代表[2-3]。干腌火腿早在唐代就有记载,北宋文学家苏轼曾在其《格物粗谈·饮食》明确记载过火腿的制作方法,因此干腌火腿在我国的历史悠久,经过百年发展现已衍生出许多风味各异的火腿。

宣恩火腿产自湖北恩施的宣恩县,是鄂西名火腿之一,采用本地猪品种和喂养方式,也是一种典型的传统干腌中式火腿。……

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