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黔产钩藤茎、叶化学成分及抗肿瘤活性研究

2021-09-12刘扬张妮罗俊王苗苗潘卫东

广西植物 2021年7期
关键词:化学成分

刘扬 张妮 罗俊 王苗苗 潘卫东

摘 要: 鉤藤富含生物碱类成分且资源丰富,具有清热平肝、息风定惊等作用。为明确钩藤茎、叶的物质基础,该文采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20及半制备 HPLC 等色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构,并采用 MTT 法对人白血病细胞株 K562、HEL 进行体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。从钩藤茎中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚(1),东莨宕素(2),异去氢钩藤碱(3),去氢钩藤碱(4),Vallesiachotamine(5),异钩藤碱(6),钩藤碱(7)。从钩藤叶中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为二十八烷醇(8),β-谷甾醇(9),三十烷酸(10),2-methyl-5,7-dihydroxy-chromone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11),齐墩果酸(12),槲皮素(13),常春藤苷元(14),山柰酚(15),(6R, 9R)-9-hydroxymegastigman-4-en-3-one(16),熊果酸(17),表儿茶素(18),大黄素甲醚(19)。结果表明:(1)化合物3、5对HEL细胞有抑制作用,IC50值分别为17.96、73.01 μg·mL-1;化合物5对K562细胞有抑制作用,IC50值为16.45 μg·mL-1,表明钩藤茎化学成分有一定的抗肿瘤活性。(2)化合物1, 8, 10, 16均为首次从钩藤植物中分离得到。该研究可为钩藤植物资源的合理开发与可持续利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 钩藤, 化学成分, 分离纯化, 结构鉴定, 抗肿瘤活性

中图分类号: Q946.91  文献标识码: A  文章编号: 1000-3142(2021)07-1061-09

Abstract: Uncaria rhynchophylla contains large amount of alkaloids and abounds in natural resources, and has the function of heat-clearing for calming liver and wind-calming for calming frightened. In order to make clear the material basis of stems and leaves of U. rhynchophlla, in this paper, the chemical constituents of stems and leaves from U. rhynchophylla and their antitumor activities were studied. The extracts were isolated and purified by using silical gel, Sephadex LH-20, semi-HPLC, and the structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical property and spectrum analysis. The antitumor activities of chemical constituents against K562, HEL cell lines were assessed by MTT method. Seven compounds were isolated and identified from stems of U. rhynchophylla as 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenol(1),scutellarin(2), isohydrohydrogenine(3), dehydroramine(4), Vallesiachotamine(5), isorhynchophylline(6), rhynchophylline(7). Twelve compounds were isolated and identified from leaves of U. rhynchophylla as octadecanol(8), β-sitosterol(9), tridecanoicacid(10), 2-methyl-5,7-dihydroxy-chroone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11), oleanolic acid(12), quercetin(13), ivy aglycone(14), kaempferol(15), (6R, 9R )-9-hydroxymegastigman-4-en-3-one(16), ursolic(17), epicatechin(18), emodin methylether(19). The results of antitumor activities were as follows: (1) Compounds 3 and 5 inhibited the activities of HEL cell lines, and IC50 values were 17.96 and 73.01 μg·mL-1; Compound 5 inhibited the activities of K562 cell lines, and IC50 values were 16.45 μg·mL-1, which indicate that some compounds from stems of U. rhynchophylla have certain antitumor activities. (2) Compounds 1, 8 ,10 and 16 were isolated from this plant for the first time. This study shed the scientific light on reasonable utilization and sustainable development of plant resources.

Key words: Uncaria rhynchophylla, chemical constituents, isolation and purification, structure identification, antitumor activity

钩藤,是茜草科植物钩藤(Uncaria rhynchophylla)、大叶钩藤(U. macropylla)、毛钩藤(U. hirsute)、华钩藤(U. sinensis)或无柄果钩藤(U. sessilifucus)的干燥带钩茎枝,常用以眩晕欲仆、癫痫抽缩、高烧惊厥、伤风夹惊、儿童惊啼、受孕子痫等症状(国家药典委员会,2015)。其主要产自于我国的赣、粤、桂、湘、滇、黔等省(区)(高晓宇等, 2017)。钩藤作为贵州省的道地药材之一,在贵州的剑河、丹寨、锦屏、榕江、开阳等30多个县市均有种植(杨琳等, 2014)。

钩藤的化学成分类型较为多样,包括生物碱类、黄酮类、三萜类、甾醇类、多酚类、挥发油类以及糖苷类等(Wang & Sun,2010;Zhang & Huang,2020)。……

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