涂然 武坤毅 冯正平 王静 卢芳芳 崔浪军

摘 要： 为揭示白及与黄花白及内生菌群落特征异同的内在机制，该文运用末端限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析技术对白及和黄花白及叶、茎、块茎、根等组织中内生细菌16S rDNA、内生真菌ITS区进行检测，分析内生菌丰度及多样性指数，运用主成分分析、聚類分析和相关性分析对比白及与黄花白及内生菌差异。结果表明：（1）白及和黄花白及各组织内生细菌H指数为1.77～2.51，内生真菌H指数为1.79～3.18。（2）内生细菌表现为茎、块茎和根中相似，叶中差异较大;内生真菌则表现出明显的特异性。（3）白及药用部位多糖含量与内生细菌中的7个T-RFs、内生真菌中的2个T-RFs呈相关性，黄花白及药用部位多糖含量与内生细菌中的3个T-RFs、内生真菌中的6个T-RFs呈相关性。综上结果表明，同一生境下，白及和黄花白及内生细菌除叶组织外，其他组织相似，内生真菌则差异显著，部分内生菌和药用部位多糖含量存在相关性。

关键词： 内生菌， 白及， 黄花白及， T-RFLP， 白及多糖

中图分类号： Q948  文献标识码： A  文章编号： 1000-3142（2021）07-1173-08

Abstract： In order to reveal similarities and differences in the feature of endophytic community， endophytic flora of Bletilla striata and B. ochracea were compared in the same habitat. Endophytic bacteria 16S rDNA and endophytic fungi ITS from tissues（stem， leaf， tuber and root） of B. striata and B. ochracea were studied by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Abundance and biodiversity index were analyzed. Differences of endophyte between B. striata and B. ochracea were compared by principal component analysis， cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The resutls were as follows： （1） Shannon-Wiener indexes of endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi in each tissue sample from B. striata and B. ochracea were between 1.77 to 2.51 and 1.79 to 3.18， respectively. （2） The endophytic bacteria of B. striata and B. ochracea were similar in stem， tuber and root， but quite different in leaf. The significant specificity was shown in endophytic fungi on the opposite. （3） Polysaccharides content in medicinal parts of B. striata was correlated with seven and two T-RFs in endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi， respectively. Meanwhile， polysaccharides content in medicinal parts of B.ochracea was correlated with three and six T-RFs in endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi， respectively. In summary， the endophytic bacteria of B. striata and B. ochracea from the same habitat in each part of tissues was similar except the leaf. However， endophytic fungi were significantly different. Some endophyte associated with polysaccharide content of the medicinal part.

Key words： endophytic， Bletilla striata， B. ochracea， T-RFLP， polysaccharide

白及属（Bletilla）是温带地生兰科（Orchidaceae）多年生草本植物。我国有白及属植物4种，分别是白及（Bletilla striata）、华北白及（B. sinensis）、小白及（B. formosana）和黄花白及（B. ochracea）（中国植物志编委会，1999）。其中，白及是我国传统中药材，药用已有上千年历史，广泛用于治疗咳血吐血、外伤出血、皮肤破裂、肺结核咳血和溃疡病出血等（国家药典委员会，2000）。白及以块茎入药，含粘胶质、菲衍生物、蒽醌衍生物等成分，其中粘胶质富含的白及多糖是其主要药效成分（韩广轩等，2001）。……