苹果渣乙醇提取物抗菌活性及防腐作用研究
2021-09-12张华玲韩静刘绪蒲柳管媛媛段洁莹
张华玲 韩静 刘绪 蒲柳 管媛媛 段洁莹



摘 要: 为提高苹果渣资源利用率,探究苹果渣乙醇提取物的抗菌活性和防腐性能,该文采用微波辅助提取法制取苹果渣乙醇提取物,用抑菌圈实验测定其抗菌活性,并研究了其防腐作用。结果表明:(1)苹果渣乙醇提取物对酵母菌抑制作用不明显(抑菌圈直径<1 mm),对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌作用较明显(抑菌圈直径为6~9 mm),最佳抑菌浓度为4.0 g·L-1。(2)pH值和盐浓度对其抑菌效果有影响,pH值为6~7,盐浓度为5.0 g·L-1,抑菌效果最好。(3)对百香果有较好的保鲜防腐效果,最佳使用浓度为0.2%。在该浓度下贮藏后的百香果腐烂率为6.7%(对照组为67%),失重率为5.5%(对照组为36.3%),可溶性固形物、总酸含量均与贮藏前差异不显著(P> 0.05)(对照组P< 0.05),且果实较饱满,硬度较高,鲜艳有光泽,酸甜适中。综上所述,苹果渣乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑制作用,对百香果的保鲜防腐效果佳,可应用到天然食品的保鲜防腐。
关键词: 苹果渣, 乙醇提取物, 百香果, 抗菌活性, 防腐作用
中图分类号: TS209 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-3142(2021)07-1181-07
Abstract: In order to improve the utilization of apple pomace resources, verify the antibacterial activity and antiseptic properties of the ethanol extract of apple pomace, the antibacterial activity of extract from apple pomace were determined by the inhibition zone test. In addition, the antibacterial effect of the extract under different pH and salt concentration had been studied. At the same time, the ethanol extract of apple pomace was applied to the preservation of Passiflora edulia, using sensory scores and various physical and chemical indicators (Vc, soluble solids, total acid, solid acid ratio) as the basis to investigate the antiseptic effect of the extract. The results were as follows: (1) The ethanol extract of apple pomace had no obvious inhibitory effect on yeasts (diameter of inhibition zone <1 mm), but it had obvious inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (diameter of inhibition zone was 6-9 mm). (2) The best inhibitory concentration for these strains was 4.0 g·L-1. In addition, when the antibacterial effect of the extract was optimal, the pH was 6-7 and the salt concentration was 5.0 g·L-1. (3) The optimal concentration for Passiflora edulia was 0.2%, and the rot rate after storage at this concentration was only 6.7% (control group was 67%), and the weight loss rate was 5.5% (control group was 36.3%). The soluble solids and total acid content were not significantly different from those before storage (P>0.05) (control group P<0.05). And most of the fruits were plump, firm, bright and shiny, moderately sweet and sour. The antibacterial extract of apple pomace has antibacterial activity and significant antiseptic effect, and provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of apple pomace resources.
Key words: apple pomace, ethanol extracts, Passiflora edulia, antibacterial activity, antiseptic effect
目前中國已成为世界上苹果(Malus domestica)产量最多的国家。但是苹果渣的利用率非常低,更多被当作废物处理,造成资源浪费和环境污染。每1 000 t苹果中约有200 t苹果渣。因此,苹果渣的加工潜力巨大。新鲜苹果渣含水量为74%~90%,苹果渣经过干燥后约有55 t可利用。因此,苹果渣再利用问题已经成为一个亟待解决的问题(刘永清等,2015)。
苹果渣中的干物质主要是粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维,以及多糖、酚类、黄酮等活性物质,具有较大的开发利用价值(杨福有等,2000;东莎莎,2017)。现有研究主要利用苹果渣制备多糖(房斐等,2019),提取纤维素(陈雪峰等,2018)、多酚(田莉等,2017),以及作为畜禽饲料开发(靳文广等, 2018)等。相关研究表明苹果渣提取物具有良好的抑菌作用。董彩文等(2008)从苹果渣中提取的黄酮对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好的抑菌效果;单静敏等(2011)从苹果中提取原花青素,证实其对变形链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌都有抑制作用;周春娣(2014)的研究发现苹果渣多酚对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌显示了不同程度的抑制作用。……
