数控车床的加工精度影响因素及提升方法
2021-09-10童叙豪蔡嘉宾
童叙豪 蔡嘉宾
摘要:数控车床因为其高精度和高柔性化的零件制造模式能较好地兼顾生产效率与零件加工质量,所以在现代机械制造行业之中已经得到相当广泛的应用。但在实际生产中,由于数控车床的系统误差与加工人员的不规范操作,加工精度难以精确控制,导致零件良品率偏低。基于这一近况,本文从数控车床的组成与加工流程出发,阐述影响数控车床加工精度的因素,并从数控车床系统、零件制造工艺和人员劳务角度提出一些提升加工精度的方法。
Abstract: Numerical control lathe has been widely used in modern machinery manufacturing industry because of its high precision and high flexibility of parts manufacturing mode, which can give better consideration to production efficiency and parts processing quality. But in the actual production, due to the system error of CNC lathe and the nonstandard operation of processing personnel, it is difficult to accurately control the machining accuracy, resulting in the low yield of parts. Based on this situation, starting from the composition and processing flow of CNC lathe, this paper expounds the factors that affect the machining accuracy of CNC lathe, and puts forward some methods to improve the machining accuracy from the perspectives of CNC lathe system, parts manufacturing process and labor service.
关键词:数控车床;加工精度;提升方法
Key words: CNC lathe machining;accuracy;improvement method
中图分类号:TG659 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-957X(2021)14-0194-02
0 引言
现代化数控车床一般由输入/输出装置、数控装置、伺服装置、检测和反馈装置等部分组成。数控车床的工作流程:①操作者根据数控车床的编程方法编制成加工程序,加工程序要体现被加工零件的工艺信息和零件的几何信息;②将加工程序输入数控车床,检查程序的可执行性;③数控车床根据加工程序生成刀具路径,以电信号传递至输入装置;④由输入装置送往数控装置,数控装置接收处理运算程序后,按照XZ等各坐标轴的分量将信息传输给伺服装置,伺服装置中的伺服电机带动车床的整体运动,使得刀具等其他装置和辅助装置按照加工程序,加工出零件。综上所述,数控车床在机械制造流程中有数控车床和操作者两大基础要素,因此解决数控车床的加工精度控制问题也应从这两大基础要素着手。……
