孙俊 杨玉琪 李韦 蔡怡 王莉 和丽生

摘要： 目的 调查392例老年艾滋病患者的症状体征分布情况，分析中医证候特征。方法 依托于云南省中医药治疗艾滋病试点项目数据库，选取392例老年艾滋病患者，采集症状体征分布数据，运用因子分析对中医证候进行归纳。结果 老年艾滋病患者最常见的症状有乏力、自汗、盗汗、气短。因子分析提取的常见病位类要素有脾、肺、肾、肝、胆，病性类要素有气虚、阴虚、气滞、血瘀、湿、热、痰。提示常见中医证候有气阴两虚、气滞血瘀、湿热蕴脾、湿热内蕴、脾肺气虚、肝胆湿热、痰热壅肺、痰淤互结、痰凝气滞。结论 老年艾滋病患者的中医证候以气虚、阴虚、湿热为主，根据病情的发展变化，较易出现气滞、痰阻、血瘀等证，临床中医治疗中，在益气养阴，清热除湿治疗之外，还可以视情况辅以祛痰导滞、活血化瘀等方法治疗，以期获得较佳的临床效果。

关键词： 老年;艾滋病;中医证候;因子分析

中图分类号：R512.91   文献标志码：B   文章编号：1007-2349（2021）08-0033-04

Analysis of TCM Syndrome Factors in 392 Elderly AIDS Patients

SUN Jun， YANG Yu-qi， LI Wei， CAI Yi， WANG Li， HE Li-sheng

（Yunnan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica， Kunming 650223， China）

【Abstract】Objective： To investigate the distribution of symptoms and signs of 392 elderly AIDS patients and analyze their characteristics of TCM syndromes. Methods： Relying on the database of the Yunnan Provincial TCM Treatment AIDS Pilot Project， 392 elderly AIDS patients were selected to collect data on the distribution of symptoms and signs and use factor analysis to summarize TCM syndromes. Results： The most common symptoms of elderly AIDS patients were fatigue， spontaneous sweating， night sweating and shortness of breath. The common disease location elements extracted by the factor analysis include the spleen， lung， kidney， liver and gallbladder， and the disease elements included qi deficiency， yin deficiency， qi stagnation， blood stasis， dampness， heat and sputum. The suggested common TCM syndromes included deficiency of qi and yin， stagnation of qi and blood stasis， accumulation of damp-heat in the spleen， internal accumulation of damp-heat， qi deficiency of spleen and lung， damp-heat in liver and gallbladder， phlegm-heat congestion in the lung， phlegm stasis interties， and stagnation of phlegm and qi. Conclusion： The TCM syndromes of elderly AIDS patients were mainly qi deficiency， yin deficiency and damp-heat. According to the development and changes of the disease， qi stagnation， phlegm obstruction and blood stasis were more likely to occur. In TCM clinical treatment， in addition to invigorating qi to nourish yin and clearing away heat to remove dampness， the methods of removing phlegm to lead stagnation， promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis can also be supplemented by depending on the situation in order to obtain better clinical results.

【Key words】Elderly Age; AIDS; TCM Syndromes; Factor Analysis

艾滋病，又稱获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS），由人体感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）所致，目前尚无确切的根治手段，严重威胁人类公众健康[1]。近年来，老年艾滋病患者总体呈增加趋势[2-3]，有研究者发现，老年艾滋病患者的抑郁、认知障碍、衰弱的发生率均较高[4-5]，年龄的增加也可能导致艾滋病患者免疫功能恢复不佳[6]。为了体现和发挥我国传统医学治疗艾滋病的特色和优势，国家卫健委、财政部和国家中医药管理局于2004年8月开……