孔繁星 谭建湘

摘 要：我国大型体育场馆在新的环境下對于我国国民经济和社会发展的作用愈加重要，其运营阶段存在的问题制约主体功能的发挥。规划、建设、运营管理“一体化”理念从全面、系统角度为破解此类问题指明改革方向。研究认为大型体育场馆“一体化”是一种着眼于全生命周期，以运营需求为主导、多方高度协作的“横向一体化”战略行为。通过文献资料、逻辑推理、专家访谈、实地调研等研究方法，基于大型体育场馆现实的脱节问题，以全生命周期理论和供应链管理理论为指引，提出以运营为主导的我国大型体育场馆“一体化”体系，以及推动协同规划、运营方招标程序前置、运营需求纳入建设过程质量管理的破解路径。

关 键 词：体育管理;大型体育场馆;规划、建设、运营“一体化”体系;全生命周期理论;供应链管理理论

中图分类号：G80-05 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）04-0047-07

Abstract： In the new environment， the role of large stadiums in Chinas national economic and social development is becoming more and more important， and the problems existing in their operation stage seriously restrict the play of their main functions. The concept of “integration” of design， construction and operation management points out the direction of reform from a comprehensive and systematic perspective. The research shows that the “integration” of large stadiums is a kind of “horizontal integration” strategic behavior which focuses on the whole life cycle， takes operation as the leading role and highly cooperates with many parties. Through literature， logical reasoning， expert interview， field research and other methods， based on the disjointed problems of large stadiums in practice， and guided by the whole life cycle theory and the supply chain management theory， this paper puts forward the whole “integrated” system guided by operation for large stadiums in China， as well as the resolution paths consisting of promoting collaborative planning， bidding procedures of the operators， and bringing the operation needs into the quality management of the construction process.

Key words： sports management;large stadiums;integrated system of design，construction and operation;the whole life cycle theory;the supply chain management theory

长期以来我国大型体育场馆规划、设计、施工主要以某一赛事为主导，忽略赛后承担运营责任部门和单位的参与[1]。场馆前期规划和建设与后期运营需求脱节导致空间利用率低下、能耗需求过大、运营效能不佳、服务能力弱化等问题[2-3]，极大制约了大型体育场馆主体功能的发挥和效益的提升。这种问题引起政府和社会的高度关注，随着相关改革实践的不断推进，国家也不断出台改革政策破解此类难题。《关于加快发展体育产业 促进体育消费的若干意见》（2014）和《关于加快发展体育竞赛表演产业的指导意见》（2018）明确要求推行体育场馆设计、建设、运营管理“一体化”模式。……