徐志军 吴小丽 胡小文 刘洋

摘  要：為了解引进花生资源的遗传多样性和适应性，筛选可用于广东地区花生遗传改良的优异资源和高产品种，本研究对33份从国内收集的花生资源进行表型鉴定和在粤西地区的适应性初步评价。结果表明：13个农艺和产量性状的平均变异系数范围为4.80%～30.80%，13个性状的平均遗传多样性指数范围为2.52～2.90，遗传多样性丰富。相关分析表明，多数性状间的相关关系在2019年春、秋两个环境保持一致，部分性状间的相关性受环境因素影响。聚类分析可将33份资源划分为4个类群。主成分分析中，前3个因子累计贡献率为82.19%，可以反映表型性状的绝大部分信息。通过表型性状综合评价筛选出10份综合排名超过全部本地对照品种的资源。适应性评价表明引种后种子长、百果重、百果仁重、百仁重和出仁率5个性状出现极显著下降，其中‘花育23在2019年秋季的表现优于引种前，其余资源在这些性状上均有不同程度的下降;引进资源对早斑病和晚斑病抗性较弱，多数表现为感病;丛枝病发病鉴定表明共有19份资源感病，14份资源未见发病。研究结果可为引进资源在广东地区的利用和品种选育提供重要参考。

关键词：花生;引种;遗传多样性;综合评价;适应性

中图分类号：S565.2      文献标识码：A

Phenotypic Diversity of 33 Introduced Peanut Germplasm Accessions and Preliminary Adaptability Evaluation in West Guangdong

XU Zhijun1， WU Xiaoli2， HU Xiaowen1， LIU Yang1*

1. Zhanjiang Experiment Station， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / South Subtropical Crop Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland Water-saving Agriculture， Zhanjiang， Guangdong 524091， China; 2. Zhanjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhanjiang， Guangdong 524094， China

Abstract： The phenotypic diversity and adaptability of 33 introduced peanut （Arachis hypogaea） germplasm accessions were evaluated in this study， aiming to understand and utilize the germplasm accessions in Guangdong. The result revealed that the mean coefficient of variation of 13 agronomic and yield related traits ranged from 4.80% to 30.80% and the mean diversity index ranged from 2.52 to 2.90， indicating the introduced germplasm maintained abundant genetic diversity. Correlation analysis showed that the correlationship between most traits kept stable in the spring and autumn of year 2019， while the correlationship between some traits was instability and affected by environmental factors. The 33 introduced peanut germplasm accessions were divided into four groups by cluster analysis. The first three principal components explained 82.19% of the phenotypic variation， reflecting most information of the 13 traits. Ten germplasm accessions were found to excel the 5 local control cultivars through comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits. Seed length， weight of 100 pods， weight of seeds in 100 pods， weight of 100 seeds and shell percentage were significantly decreased after introduced. And ‘Huayu 23 was better before introduced in autumn of year 2019， while the remain germplasm accessions showed different degree of decline in the five traits. The resistance of the introduced germplasms was poor to early and late leaf spot and most of them were susceptible. There were 19 germplasm infected peanut witches-Broom， while 14 germplasm were not infected through field investigation. These results would provide important reference for utilizing the introduced germplasm accessions to breed new peanut cutivars in Guangdong.

Keywords： peanut; variety introduced; genetic diversity; comprehensive evaluation; adaptability

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.07.010

花生（Arachis hypogaea）是我国重要的经济作物、油料作物和食用作物，在国民经济发展和对外贸易中具有重要地位，在保障我国食用油安全和供给方面具有重要意义。花生在我国广泛种植，种植面积在国内大宗作物中位居第七，种植业产值仅次于水稻、小麦和玉米，种植效益优势明显[1]。……