王盼 郭晓杰 段云 李琼 阳辛凤

摘  要：了解7个产区火龙果的农药残留情况，并进行农药残留风险评估，为火龙果生产上合理使用农药提供参考依据。对7个产区抽取的175份火龙果样品进行113种农药残留检测与分析，并对检出的农药进行农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险（%ADI）评估、急性膳食摄入风险（%ARfD）评估。72份样品检出农药残留（占41.14%），2份样品（1.1%）氧乐果残留值高于我国制定的最大残留限量（MRL）。检出的28种农药的慢性膳食摄入风险（%ADI）范围为0.003%～7.013%，急性膳食摄入风险（%ARfD）范围为0.037%～25.77%。不同年龄人群通过食用火龙果摄入的农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险均小于100%。火龙果的农药残留慢性膳食摄入风险和急性膳食摄入风险均很低，但氧乐果残留超过限量值，在火龙果生产和监管中应重点关注。

关键词：火龙果;食品安全;农药残留;风险评估

中图分类号：S481.8      文献标识码：A

Risk Assessment of Dietary Intake of Pesticide Residues in Pitaya

WANG Pan1，2， GUO Xiaojie1，3， DUAN Yun3， LI Qiong2*， YANG Xinfeng3*

1. College of Tropical Crops， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 2. Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 3. Analysis and Testing Center， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan， 571101， China

Abstract： To research the pesticide residue situation of pitaya in seven production areas， and carry out pesticide residues risk assessment， so as to provide reference for rational use of pesticides in pitaya production， 113 pesticide residues were detected and analyzed in 175 pitaya samples from seven production areas， and the detected pesticide varieties were evaluated for chronic dietary intake risk （%ADI） and acute dietary intake risk （%ARfD）. Pesticide residues were detected in 72 sample （41.14%）， and 2 samples （1.1%） had omethoate residues higher than the maximum residue limit （MRL）. Chronic dietary intake risk （%ADI） of 28 pesticides detected was ranged from 0.003% to 7.013%， and acute dietary intake risk （%ARfD） was ranged 0.037% from 25.77%. %ADI of pesticide residues ingested by people of different ages by eating pitaya was less than 100%. The risk of pesticide residues in pitaya from chronic and acute dietary intake was very low. However， omethoate residue exceeded MRL and should be paid more attention to in the production and supervision of pitaya.

Keywords： pitaya; food safety; pesticide residues; risk assessment

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.07.035

隨着人们生活水平的不断提高，人们越来越注重农产品的健康安全。农产品质量安全受到社会高度关注，开展农药残留风险评估，能够及时了解农产品中主要残留物及残留状况，可为政府确定监管重点，正确指导生产提供帮助，从而保障消费者的膳食安全[1-2]。《中国居民膳食指南（2016版）》建议：天天吃水果，保证每天摄入200～350 g新鲜水果[3]。火龙果，属仙人掌科（Cacta?ceae）量天尺属（Hylocereus）植物，是热带、亚热带水果。火龙果食用价值高，含有丰富的植物性蛋白与膳食纤维，其中，甜菜红色素、多酚等能够抗氧化、降血脂、抗肿瘤，同时还含有大量的矿物质维生素等，对人体健康有十分良好的作用。……