王宇

摘 要：在本文中，我们基于交通形成的机理分析了交通需求的产生和城市居民的出行决策，交通运输能力是满足交通需求的充分条件。随着城市经济的快速发展，城市居民出行需求正在逐渐增加。近年来，我国的城市轨道交通系统由于发展迅速，交通拥堵和城市铁路问题得到了有效缓解。交通运输系统的迅速发展在城市交通的正常运行中起着非常重要的作用。不仅可以有效地促进城市交通系统的快速发展城市经济的发展也为城市居民的出行带来了巨大的好处。我们认为，出行决定是基于出行者的有用性最大化的原则。因此基于效用理论的交通共享模型，本文讨论了城市轨道交通与传统公共交通之间竞争的博弈机制。同时将客流分为高峰时段，正常时段和低潮时段三种类型，并研究了交通客流的特征。结果表明：充分利用城市轨道交通资源，可达到高峰客流，解决高峰时段和非高峰时段的乘客流差异，资金闲置。根据最大化理论，在城市轨道交通的高峰时段，采用了灵活的票价管理和适当调整发车时间间隔的策略，从而使综合优化策略中的每日乘客人数大幅增加。

关键词：效用理论 城市轨道交通 运营管理 客流

Analysis of Optimization Strategy for Urban Rail Transit Operation Management Based on Utility Theory

Wang Yu

Abstract：This article analyzes the generation of traffic demand and the travel decision of urban residents based on the mechanism of traffic formation. Transportation capacity is a sufficient condition to meet traffic demand. With the rapid development of urban economy， the travel demand of urban residents is gradually increasing. In recent years， due to the rapid development of China's urban rail transit system， traffic congestion and urban railway problems have been effectively alleviated. The rapid development of the transportation system plays a very important role in the normal operation of urban traffic， which not only can effectively promote the rapid development of the urban transportation system， the development of the urban economy， but also bring huge benefits to the travel of urban residents. The article believes that travel decisions are based on the principle of maximizing the usefulness of travelers. Therefore， based on the traffic sharing model of utility theory， this article discusses the game mechanism of competition between urban rail transit and traditional public transportation. At the same time， the passenger flow is divided into three types： peak period， normal period and low tide period， and the characteristics of traffic passenger flow are studied. The results show that full use of urban rail transit resources can achieve peak passenger flow， resolve the difference in passenger flow between peak and non-peak hours， and idle funds. According to the maximization theory， during the peak hours of urban rail transit， flexible fare management and the strategy of appropriately adjusting the departure time interval are adopted， which greatly increases the number of daily passengers in the comprehensive optimization strategy.

Key words：utility theory， urban rail transit， operation management， passenger flow

1 引言

城市經济日新月异，对城市出行的需求在增加，城市交通压力也在迅速增加。自1970年以来，城市轨道交通系统在世界所有国家中迅速发展，在城市交通系统中发挥着重要作用，促进了城市经济的发展，并为居民提供了出众的出行选择。……