董莹 顾杰 周亚伟 颜东旭

摘 要：为了研究废弃矿山生态修复环境综合治理措施，以河北省满城区某矿山为例，通过野外调查、地形测绘、三维激光扫描、物探勘查等方式，以查清研究区内生态环境问题。结果表明，现状存在的地质环境问题主要为崩塌地质灾害隐患、地形地貌景观破坏和土地资源占压及损毁等。通过生态修復治理，可以新增平台及边坡绿化面积约49792.76m2，新增坡面绿化面积97287.73m2，社会效益、环境效益及经济效益明显。

关键词：废弃矿山;治理措施;生态环境综合治理;生态修复

中图分类号 X171.4文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）07-0141-05

Study on Ecological Restoration Measures of an Abandoned Mine in Mancheng District of Hebei Province

DONG Ying1 et al.

（1Beijing Geology and Mineral Resources Prospecting and Developing Company， Beijing 100050， China）

Abstract： In order to study the new way of ecological restoration and environmental comprehensive management of abandoned mines， taking a mine in Mancheng District of Hebei Province as an example， the ecological environmental problems in the study area were identified through field investigation， topographic mapping， three-dimensional laser scanning and geophysical exploration. The research shows that the existing geological environment problems are mainly the hidden danger of collapse， the destruction of topography and landscape， and the occupation and damage of land resources. According to the proposed ecological restoration and control measures， the greening area of platform and slope can be increased by 49792.76m2， and the greening area of slope can be increased by 97287.73m2， with obvious social， environmental and economic benefits.

Key words： Abandoned mine; Treatment measures; Comprehensive treatment of ecological environment; Ecological restoration

根据矿床埋藏条件和地形条件，露天矿山分为山坡露天矿和凹陷露天矿[1-5]。矿山生态修复是指对矿业活动损毁的生态系统的修复，根据矿山生态系统损毁方式和程度，综合考虑经济社会发展目标、生态功能、文化功能、美学功能和公众感受等，在环境承载力容许的前提下，选择适宜的生态自我恢复或生态重建工程，科学、经济、快速对被破坏生态系统恢复与重建的过程[6-11]。生态修复以自然恢复为主，并与人工修复相结合，通过人工干预，加速恢复安全、协调、可利用的生态系统[12-13]。

废弃矿山生态环境脆弱，环境承载力有限[14]，对废弃矿山修复是山水林田湖草生态保护修复体系的重要内容，是践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念的重要举措。因此，采用工程措施与植物措施结合的方式，恢复重建露天废弃矿山的生态环境是极其重要的[15]。……